Advances in saRNA Vaccine Research against Emerging/Re-Emerging Viruses

doi:10.3390/vaccines11071142

Review

. 2023 Jun 24;11(7):1142.

doi: 10.3390/vaccines11071142.

Advances in saRNA Vaccine Research against Emerging/Re-Emerging Viruses

Yalan Liu^{1

2}, Yuncheng Li^{1

3}, Qinxue Hu^{1

4}

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
² Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan 430200, China.
³ Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
⁴ Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.

PMID: 37514957
PMCID: PMC10383046
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071142

Review

Advances in saRNA Vaccine Research against Emerging/Re-Emerging Viruses

Yalan Liu et al. Vaccines (Basel). 2023.

. 2023 Jun 24;11(7):1142.

doi: 10.3390/vaccines11071142.

Authors

Yalan Liu^{1

2}, Yuncheng Li^{1

3}, Qinxue Hu^{1

4}

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
² Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan 430200, China.
³ Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
⁴ Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.

PMID: 37514957
PMCID: PMC10383046
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071142

Abstract

Although conventional vaccine approaches have proven to be successful in preventing infectious diseases in past decades, for vaccine development against emerging/re-emerging viruses, one of the main challenges is rapid response in terms of design and manufacture. mRNA vaccines can be designed and produced within days, representing a powerful approach for developing vaccines. Furthermore, mRNA vaccines can be scaled up and may not have the risk of integration. mRNA vaccines are roughly divided into non-replicating mRNA vaccines and self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines. In this review, we provide an overview of saRNA vaccines, and discuss future directions and challenges in advancing this promising vaccine platform to combat emerging/re-emerging viruses.

Keywords: emerging/re-emerging virus; self-amplifying RNA (saRNA); vaccine.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Schematic illustration of different RNA transcripts delivered to a target mammalian cell. (A) Delivery of non-replicating mRNA to the cytoplasm. (B) Delivery of classical saRNA to the cytoplasm. Following in situ translation, the non-structural proteins (nsPs) form an RdRP complex which amplifies immunogen-encoding transcripts. (C) Two different transcripts (trans-amplifying mRNAs) are co-delivered to the cytoplasm, which achieve a similar effect to self-amplifying mRNAs.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

Cited by

mRNA vaccines in tumor targeted therapy: mechanism, clinical application, and development trends.
Gao Y, Yang L, Li Z, Peng X, Li H. Gao Y, et al. Biomark Res. 2024 Aug 31;12(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s40364-024-00644-3. Biomark Res. 2024. PMID: 39217377 Free PMC article. Review.
RNA therapeutics to control fibrinolysis: review on applications in biology and medicine.
Ferraresso F, Leung J, Kastrup CJ. Ferraresso F, et al. J Thromb Haemost. 2024 Aug;22(8):2103-2114. doi: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.04.006. Epub 2024 Apr 24. J Thromb Haemost. 2024. PMID: 38663489 Free PMC article. Review.
A Lipid Nanoparticle-Formulated Self-Amplifying RNA Rift Valley Fever Vaccine Induces a Robust Humoral Immune Response in Mice.
Kitandwe PK, Rogers P, Hu K, Nayebare O, Blakney AK, McKay PF, Kaleebu P, Shattock RJ. Kitandwe PK, et al. Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Sep 24;12(10):1088. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12101088. Vaccines (Basel). 2024. PMID: 39460255 Free PMC article.
Nucleic Acid Armor: Fortifying RNA Therapeutics through Delivery and Targeting Innovations for Immunotherapy.
Jiang Y, Jiang B, Wang Z, Li Y, Cheung JCW, Yin B, Wong SHD. Jiang Y, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Aug 15;25(16):8888. doi: 10.3390/ijms25168888. Int J Mol Sci. 2024. PMID: 39201574 Free PMC article. Review.
Recent Findings on Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines: An Updated Review.
Sheikhlary S, Lopez DH, Moghimi S, Sun B. Sheikhlary S, et al. Biomolecules. 2024 Apr 21;14(4):503. doi: 10.3390/biom14040503. Biomolecules. 2024. PMID: 38672519 Free PMC article. Review.

See all "Cited by" articles

References

1. Zhou P., Yang X.L., Wang X.G., Hu B., Zhang L., Zhang W., Si H.R., Zhu Y., Li B., Huang C.L., et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020;579:270–273. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Cu Y., Broderick K.E., Banerjee K., Hickman J., Otten G., Barnett S., Kichaev G., Sardesai N.Y., Ulmer J.B., Geall A. Enhanced Delivery and Potency of Self-Amplifying mRNA Vaccines by Electroporation In Situ. Vaccines. 2013;1:367–383. doi: 10.3390/vaccines1030367. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Geall A.J., Verma A., Otten G.R., Shaw C.A., Hekele A., Banerjee K., Cu Y., Beard C.W., Brito L.A., Krucker T., et al. Nonviral delivery of self-amplifying RNA vaccines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2012;109:14604–14609. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1209367109. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Qu L., Yi Z., Shen Y., Lin L., Chen F., Xu Y., Wu Z., Tang H., Zhang X., Tian F., et al. Circular RNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants. Cell. 2022;185:1728–1744.e16. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.044. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Vogel A.B., Lambert L., Kinnear E., Busse D., Erbar S., Reuter K.C., Wicke L., Perkovic M., Beissert T., Haas H., et al. Self-Amplifying RNA Vaccines Give Equivalent Protection against Influenza to mRNA Vaccines but at Much Lower Doses. Mol. Ther. 2018;26:446–455. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.11.017. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

Actions

Grants and funding

31970172, 82171736/National Natural Science Foundation of China

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
- The Lens - Patent Citations Database
Miscellaneous
- NCI CPTAC Assay Portal

[1] Zhou P., Yang X.L., Wang X.G., Hu B., Zhang L., Zhang W., Si H.R., Zhu Y., Li B., Huang C.L., et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020;579:270–273. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Zhou P., Yang X.L., Wang X.G., Hu B., Zhang L., Zhang W., Si H.R., Zhu Y., Li B., Huang C.L., et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020;579:270–273. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Cu Y., Broderick K.E., Banerjee K., Hickman J., Otten G., Barnett S., Kichaev G., Sardesai N.Y., Ulmer J.B., Geall A. Enhanced Delivery and Potency of Self-Amplifying mRNA Vaccines by Electroporation In Situ. Vaccines. 2013;1:367–383. doi: 10.3390/vaccines1030367. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Cu Y., Broderick K.E., Banerjee K., Hickman J., Otten G., Barnett S., Kichaev G., Sardesai N.Y., Ulmer J.B., Geall A. Enhanced Delivery and Potency of Self-Amplifying mRNA Vaccines by Electroporation In Situ. Vaccines. 2013;1:367–383. doi: 10.3390/vaccines1030367. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Geall A.J., Verma A., Otten G.R., Shaw C.A., Hekele A., Banerjee K., Cu Y., Beard C.W., Brito L.A., Krucker T., et al. Nonviral delivery of self-amplifying RNA vaccines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2012;109:14604–14609. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1209367109. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Geall A.J., Verma A., Otten G.R., Shaw C.A., Hekele A., Banerjee K., Cu Y., Beard C.W., Brito L.A., Krucker T., et al. Nonviral delivery of self-amplifying RNA vaccines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2012;109:14604–14609. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1209367109. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Qu L., Yi Z., Shen Y., Lin L., Chen F., Xu Y., Wu Z., Tang H., Zhang X., Tian F., et al. Circular RNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants. Cell. 2022;185:1728–1744.e16. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.044. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Qu L., Yi Z., Shen Y., Lin L., Chen F., Xu Y., Wu Z., Tang H., Zhang X., Tian F., et al. Circular RNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants. Cell. 2022;185:1728–1744.e16. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.044. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Vogel A.B., Lambert L., Kinnear E., Busse D., Erbar S., Reuter K.C., Wicke L., Perkovic M., Beissert T., Haas H., et al. Self-Amplifying RNA Vaccines Give Equivalent Protection against Influenza to mRNA Vaccines but at Much Lower Doses. Mol. Ther. 2018;26:446–455. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.11.017. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Vogel A.B., Lambert L., Kinnear E., Busse D., Erbar S., Reuter K.C., Wicke L., Perkovic M., Beissert T., Haas H., et al. Self-Amplifying RNA Vaccines Give Equivalent Protection against Influenza to mRNA Vaccines but at Much Lower Doses. Mol. Ther. 2018;26:446–455. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.11.017. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Advances in saRNA Vaccine Research against Emerging/Re-Emerging Viruses

Affiliations

Advances in saRNA Vaccine Research against Emerging/Re-Emerging Viruses

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Miscellaneous

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

Related information

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Miscellaneous