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Review
. 2023 Jun 24;11(7):1142.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines11071142.

Advances in saRNA Vaccine Research against Emerging/Re-Emerging Viruses

Yalan Liu  1   2 , Yuncheng Li  1   3 , Qinxue Hu  1   4
Affiliations
Review

Advances in saRNA Vaccine Research against Emerging/Re-Emerging Viruses

Yalan Liu et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

Although conventional vaccine approaches have proven to be successful in preventing infectious diseases in past decades, for vaccine development against emerging/re-emerging viruses, one of the main challenges is rapid response in terms of design and manufacture. mRNA vaccines can be designed and produced within days, representing a powerful approach for developing vaccines. Furthermore, mRNA vaccines can be scaled up and may not have the risk of integration. mRNA vaccines are roughly divided into non-replicating mRNA vaccines and self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines. In this review, we provide an overview of saRNA vaccines, and discuss future directions and challenges in advancing this promising vaccine platform to combat emerging/re-emerging viruses.

Keywords: emerging/re-emerging virus; self-amplifying RNA (saRNA); vaccine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic illustration of different RNA transcripts delivered to a target mammalian cell. (A) Delivery of non-replicating mRNA to the cytoplasm. (B) Delivery of classical saRNA to the cytoplasm. Following in situ translation, the non-structural proteins (nsPs) form an RdRP complex which amplifies immunogen-encoding transcripts. (C) Two different transcripts (trans-amplifying mRNAs) are co-delivered to the cytoplasm, which achieve a similar effect to self-amplifying mRNAs.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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