Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Jun 30;11(7):1178.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines11071178.

Comparison of the Disease Severity and Outcome of Vaccinated COVID-19 Patients with Unvaccinated Patients in a Specialized COVID-19 Facility: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Karachi, Pakistan

Muneeba Ahsan Sayeed  1   2 , Elisha Shalim  1   2 , Fizza Farooqui  1   2 , Shaiza Farman  1   2 , Maheen Khan  1   2 , Anika Iqbal  1   2 , Ishfaque Ahmed  1   2 , Abdul Wahid Rajput  1   2 , Abdul Razzaque  1   2 , Saeed Quraishy  1   2
Affiliations

Comparison of the Disease Severity and Outcome of Vaccinated COVID-19 Patients with Unvaccinated Patients in a Specialized COVID-19 Facility: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Karachi, Pakistan

Muneeba Ahsan Sayeed et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

We compared the clinical characteristics and outcome of vaccinated hospitalized COVID-19 patients with unvaccinated hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Sindh Infectious Diseases Hospital and Research Center, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 1407 hospitalized COVID-19 positive patients were included from April 2021 to March 2022, of which 812 (57.71%) were males. Of the 1407, 378 (26.87%) patients were vaccinated while 1029 (73.13%) were unvaccinated. Of the vaccinated patients, 160 (42.32%) were partially vaccinated while 218 (57.68%) were fully vaccinated (vaccine breakthrough infection). Fewer unvaccinated COVID-19 patients survived compared to vaccinated patients (62.5% vs. 70%, RR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.96, p-value = 0.004). Despite there being more vaccinated patients above 60 years of age (60.05% vs. 47.13%), their risk of mortality was lower by 43% (OR = 0.578; CI = 0.4201 to 0.7980, p = 0.0009). On survival analysis, vaccinated patients had better 30-day survival compared to unvaccinated patients (p = 0.028). Moreover, comparing waves 3-5, unvaccinated patients of wave 4, which was driven by the delta variant, had the worst survival (51.8%, p ≤ 0.001) while vaccinated patients of wave 3 (driven by the alpha variant) had the best survival (71.6%).

Keywords: COVID-19; comparison; hospitalized; outcome; unvaccinated; vaccinated.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Proportion of Unvaccinated and Vaccinated COVID-19 Inpatients.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Cumulative 14-day and (b) 30-day survival among vaccinated and unvaccinated hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The curve is illustrated with Kaplan–Meier method (log-rank test, 14-day (p-value = 0.057), 30-day (p-value = 0.028).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Survival analysis of COVID-19 waves 3–5 stratified by vaccination status.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard with Vaccination Data. [(accessed on 10 April 2023)]. Available online: https://covid19.who.int/
    1. COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic. 2023. [(accessed on 20 April 2023)]. Available online: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus.
    1. Pakistan Coronavirus Full Vaccination Rate (ycharts.com) [(accessed on 18 June 2023)]. Available online: https://ycharts.com/indicators/pakistan_coronavirus_full_vaccination_rate.
    1. CDC COVID Vaccine Breakthrough Case Investigations Team COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reported to CDC—United States, January 1–April 30, 2021. [(accessed on 14 June 2023)];Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2021 70:792. Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7021e3.htm#contribAff. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Dagan N., Barda N., Kepten E., Miron O., Perchik S., Katz M.A., Lipsitch M., Reis B., Balicer R.D. BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting. N. Engl. J. Med. 2021;15:1412–1423. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2101765. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources