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Review
. 2023 Oct;98(4):e13314.
doi: 10.1111/sji.13314. Epub 2023 Jul 29.

Aicardi-Goutières syndrome: A monogenic type I interferonopathy

Anran Liu  1   2 , Songcheng Ying  1
Affiliations
Free article
Review

Aicardi-Goutières syndrome: A monogenic type I interferonopathy

Anran Liu et al. Scand J Immunol. 2023 Oct.
Free article

Abstract

Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a rare monogenic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the brains of children patients. Its main clinical features include encephalatrophy, basal ganglia calcification, leukoencephalopathy, lymphocytosis and increased interferon-α (IFN-α) levels in the patient's cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. AGS may be caused by mutations in any one of nine genes (TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, ADAR1, IFIH1, LSM11 and RNU7-1) that result in accumulation of self-nucleic acids in the cytoplasm or aberrant sensing of self-nucleic acids. This triggers overproduction of type I interferons (IFNs) and subsequently causes AGS, the prototype of type I interferonopathies. This review describes the discovery history of AGS with various genotypes and provides the latest knowledge of clinical manifestations and causative genes of AGS. The relationship between AGS and type I interferonopathy and potential therapeutic methods for AGS are also discussed in this review.

Keywords: Aicardi-Goutières syndrome; causative genes; therapeutic methods; type I interferonopathy.

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References

REFERENCES

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