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Review
. 2023 Jul 17;9(7):e18180.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18180. eCollection 2023 Jul.

Quarter-wise proportion and beta-lactam resistance rate of bovine mastitis associated- Staphylococcus aureus among infectious episodes in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-Analysis

Melkie Dagnaw Fenta  1 , Firdyawukal Abuhay Tafere  2 , Atsede Solomon Mebratu  3 , Birhan Anagaw Malede  4
Affiliations
Review

Quarter-wise proportion and beta-lactam resistance rate of bovine mastitis associated- Staphylococcus aureus among infectious episodes in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-Analysis

Melkie Dagnaw Fenta et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Background: Bovine mastitis, a condition with multifactorial etiology, imposes a significant economic burden on the dairy sector in Ethiopia, with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) being one of the leading etiologic agents. The acquisition of a compiled source of information concerning S. aureus is imperative in order to enhance the control and prevention strategies, as well as to facilitate the successful implementation of the national action plan aimed at curbing antimicrobial resistance by the year 2025. Thus, the primary objective of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively summarize the estimates of the proportion and beta-lactam resistance profile of S. aureus in bovine mastitis in Ethiopia.

Methods: electronic bibliographic data such as PubMed, Web of Science, HINARI, Google Scholar, and other databases were used to search articles and quality assessment was performed using the AMSTAR-2. The pooled proportion, the rate of beta-lactam resistance, and a 95% confidence interval were calculated with a random effects model using STATA 17 statistical software. Funnel plots, and Eggers were used to assess publication bias.

Results: Twenty-six (26) cross-sectional studies were included in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled proportion of S.aureus was 35% (95% CI: 0.31 to 0.41). Considerable heterogeneity was observed in the included studies (I2 = 90.75%; P < 0.01). The subgroup analysis of the study region showed significant differences. The highest estimated regional pooled proportion of bovine mastitis-associated S.aureus was 40% in the Amhara and Tigray regions. Funnel plot and Eggers results showed no statistically significant publication bias (Eggers test: p = 0.5656) in estimating the proportion of S.aureus infections in association with bovine mastitis. A total of 14 articles were included to estimate beta-lactam antimicrobial resistance. The estimated pooled beta-lactam antimicrobial resistance rate of S.aureus was resistance to penicillin at 75%, followed by amoxicillin at 67%, ampicillin at 50% and cephalosporin at 57% were evaluated in the treatment of S. aureus. Therefore, the present meta-analysis has revealed that the prevalence of bovine-associated Staphylococcus aureus and its resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics are alarmingly high in the region of Ethiopia. This further emphasizes the vital necessity of implementing effective preventive measures to reduce the incidence and spread of this pathogen across the entire nation.

Keywords: Beta-lactam; Bovine mastitis; Pooled prevalence; Resistance; Staphylococcus aureus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PRISMA flow chart for selection of included and excluded of studies.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Forest plot for the proportion of bovine mastitis associated S.aureus in Ethiopia.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Funnel plot with pooled proportion of bovine mastitis associated S. auerus.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Forest plot and subgroup analysis by degree of mastitis due to S.aureus.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Subgroup analysis of the prevalence of S. aureus based on the study year.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Subgroup analysis of the prevalence of S.aureus based on the study region.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Subgroup analysis of the proportion of bovine mastitis associated S.aureus by sample size.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Regression of logit event rate by year of study.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Meta regression plot of sample size versus effect size of the rate of S.aureus.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
The forest plot, heterogeneity and resistance rate of beta lactamase of S. aureus.
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
Publication bias assessment of overall beta lactam antimicrobial resistance rate of mastitis associated S.aureus.
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