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. 2023 Jul 11;9(7):e18189.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18189. eCollection 2023 Jul.

Assessment of soil respiration process in a mangrove swamp of Panama's Bay

Natasha Alejandra Gómez  1 , Lilisbeth Rodríguez  1 , Francisco Ramón López Serrano  2 , Reinhardt Pinzón  3   4   5
Affiliations

Assessment of soil respiration process in a mangrove swamp of Panama's Bay

Natasha Alejandra Gómez et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Studies reveal that mangroves have the ability to store underground carbon more than a tropical forest, and this function is classified as the second most important to mitigate the effects of climate change. However, part of the carbon fixed returns to the atmosphere, and this is done through soil respiration. The present study seeks to quantify the total soil efflux (a subrogate of total soil respiration) that includes both autotrophic and heterotrophic soil efflux, emitted by a Panama's mangrove swamp, as well as to investigate what drivers are important. Firstly, 3 plots were established with predominant mangroves species, such as salty mangrove tree (Avicennia bicolor Standl.) and black mangrove tree (Avicennia germinans L.). Secondly, a forest inventory was carried out in one ha, resulting in 371 trees ha-1, where the salty mangrove tree prevailed with 219 individuals in front of the black mangrove tree, with 152 trees. In addition, tree level measurements were performed such as diameter at breast height (DBH), crown diameter and distance between trees. Third, using a Licor 6400XT infrared gas analyzer system and a meteorological tower, soil CO2 fluxes and air and soil temperature were measured respectively. Results showed a total of 33.61 t of CO2 ha-1 emitted by the soil of the mangrove in 3.5 months.

Keywords: CO2 flux; Climate change; Coast of Panama; Land flow; Linear multiple regression; Wetlands.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Geology of coastal basins with delta in the Panama Bay Wetland [[15]].
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Avicennia bicolor Standl.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Avicennia germinans L. [[3]].
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Diameter measurement at breast height (DBH).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Scheme of three plots (A, B, C) with total distance between trees for SR measurements. Collars are showed as a gray circles, trees in green. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Location of 1 ha plot. Red marks represent the points. Yellow mark is the JZ tower (Torre). Google Earth. And scheme of the delimitation of the plot by quadrants. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Path (white line) towards the monitoring sites (red circles). Juan Díaz’s mangrove. Source: GPS MAP 64s coordinate data, Garmin. Made in ArcGIS. Google Maps. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
JZ Eddy Covariance Meteorological tower. Juan Díaz’s mangrove.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Methodological scheme to estimate total efflux of the tree “i” (Effuxi). Aj is the influence area of each collar j, i.e., the surface of the circular crown; lj = distance of each collar “j” to the stem; SRj is the cumulative efflux along the whole study period (kgCO2 m−2period−1) of each collar.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
Air (°C, black line) and Soil (°C, 15 cm depth, red line) temperatures from August 1 to November 17, 2021. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
Significant differences between the three sites (plots 5 × 5 m) in soil water content (SWC).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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