Seasonal dynamics of eukaryotic microbial diversity in hypersaline Tuz Lake characterized by 18S rDNA sequencing

Abstract

Microbial diversity found in hypersaline ecosystems is structurally unique and essential in many microbiological and ecological processes. Tuz Lake, the second biggest lake in Türkiye, is a talassohaline (over 32% [w/v]) lake with near-neutral pH. The aim of study was to investigate the composition of the eukaryotic microbial community in Tuz Lake by 18S rDNA amplicon sequencing, as well as its relationship and change with environmental factors during 1-year period. Next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were applied to describe the eukaryotic microbial community in Tuz Lake. As a result of bioinformatics analysis, Archaeplastida (39%) and Stramenopiles, Alveolata, Rhizaria (SAR) (51%) were the most abundant taxa represented in the dataset. The Archaeplastida phylum showed a significant difference between winter and summer and higher abundance in summer in contrast to the SAR group, which represented higher abundance in winter. Genus level assessment showed that the most abundant genera were Navicula, Chlorophyta;unclassified_taxa, Dunaliella, Cladosporium, Paraphelidium, Scuticociliates;unclassified_taxa, and Chlamydomonadales;unclassified_taxa. Navicula abundance was significantly different and overwhelmingly dominant in winter. On the other hand, Cladosporium and Chlorophyta; unclassified_taxa represented a significant difference between seasons and high abundance in summer. Furthermore, Dunaliella populations were not detected in midsummer and early fall when the temperature increased and water volume in the lake decreased.

Keywords: 18S rDNA sequencing; Tuz Lake; eukaryotic diversity; hypersaline; seasonal dynamic.