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. 2022 Oct 31;47(2):307-320.
doi: 10.55730/1300-0527.3539. eCollection 2023.

Synthesis of pyridinium-based ionic liquids and their application to improve Candida rugosa lipase stability in a methanol-water solvent system

Oktavianus Hendra Cipta  1 , Anita Alni  1 , Rukman Hertadi  1
Affiliations

Synthesis of pyridinium-based ionic liquids and their application to improve Candida rugosa lipase stability in a methanol-water solvent system

Oktavianus Hendra Cipta et al. Turk J Chem. .

Abstract

This paper studied the effect of pyridinium-based ionic liquids as cosolvents in a methanol-water solvent system on the hydrolytic activity of Candida rugosa lipase. These ionic liquids were successfully synthesized using imidazolium-based ionic liquid synthesizing methods with a certain adjustment. The hydrolytic activity of Candida rugosa lipase was analyzed using 4-nitrophenol acetate (pNPA) and 4-nitrophenol palmitate (pNPP) as substrates. The addition of ionic liquids had no significant effect on the hydrolytic activity of lipase in a water solvent, and it had a greater effect in methanol. The addition of [C6Py] Br ionic liquid as a methanol cosolvent (methanol: ionic liquid, 10:5) could increase the hydrolytic activity of lipase. The use of ionic liquid as a cosolvent could increase the hydrolytic activity of lipase by about 15.61% while using pNPP as a substrate in the methanol system. A molecular dynamics study for the interaction between lipase and ionic liquids supported the experimental results. The ionic liquid using bromide as an anion provided more stability on lipase conformation. It tends to form the short-range interaction between the lipase and bromide anion.

Keywords: Candida rugosa lipase; hydrolysis; ionic liquids; methanol; pyridinium.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structure of (a) [C4Py]BF4 ionic liquid, (b) [C6Py]BF4 ionic liquid, (c) [C8Py]BF4 ionic liquid, (d) [C6Py]Br ionic liquid, (e) pNPA, and (f) pNPP.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of ionic liquid to lipase hydrolytic activity from Candida rugosa in water solvent at 55 °C.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of variations in the concentration of ionic liquids on the hydrolytic activity of Candida rugosa lipase at 55 °C.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of adding methanol to the hydrolytic activity of the Candida rugosa lipase.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of ionic liquid as a cosolvent of methanol on the hydrolytic activity of the Candida rugosa lipase.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The radius of gyration from 50-ns production of Candida rugosa lipase.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Backbone RMSD of Candida rugosa lipase for each system.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Water within 3 Å of any protein atom in the (a) water-methanol–[C6PY]Br and (b) water-methanol–[C6PY]BF4 systems.
Figure 9
Figure 9
RDF of each cation from the system with the reference point using protein masses.
Figure 10
Figure 10
N-hexylpyridinium within 3 Å of any protein atom in the (a) water-methanol–[6PY]Br and (b) water-methanol–[6PY]BF4 systems.
Figure 11
Figure 11
RDF of each anion from the system with reference point using protein masses.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Anion within 3 Å of any protein atom in the (a) water-methanol–[6PY]Br and (b) water-methanol–[6PY]BF4 systems.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Backbone RMSF of Candida rugosa lipase during 50-ns simulation.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Lid position in lipase between the two different systems (blue in water-methanol–[6PY]Br system and red in water-methanol–[6PY]BF4 system).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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