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Review
. 2023 Nov;6(11):e1878.
doi: 10.1002/cnr2.1878. Epub 2023 Aug 2.

Diversification and deleterious role of microbiome in gastric cancer

Indranil Chattopadhyay  1 , Rohit Gundamaraju  2 , Ashwin Rajeev  1
Affiliations
Review

Diversification and deleterious role of microbiome in gastric cancer

Indranil Chattopadhyay et al. Cancer Rep (Hoboken). 2023 Nov.

Abstract

Gut microbiota dictates the fate of several diseases, including cancer. Most gastric cancers (GC) belong to gastric adenocarcinomas (GAC). Helicobacter pylori colonizes the gastric epithelium and is the causative agent of 75% of all stomach malignancies globally. This bacterium has several virulence factors, including cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA), and outer membrane proteins (OMPs), all of which have been linked to the development of gastric cancer. In addition, bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, Clostridium, Haemophilus, Veillonella, Staphylococcus, and Lactobacillus play an important role in the development of gastric cancer. Besides, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus were found in greater abundance in GAC patients. To identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for GC, it is essential to understand the mechanistic role of H. pylori and other bacteria that contribute to gastric carcinogenesis. Furthermore, understanding bacteria-host interactions and bacteria-induced inflammatory pathways in the host is critical for developing treatment targets for gastric cancer.

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; bacterial metabolites; gastric cancer; gut microbiome.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have stated explicitly that there are no conflicts of interest in connection with this article.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Role of virulent factors of H. pylori and other bacteria in the development of gastric cancer through alteration of hallmarks of tumorigenesis. The figure illustrates the mechanistic role of H. pylori and Lactobacillus in progression of gastric cancers. H. pylori activate several pro‐inflammatory pathways and cytokines which in turn trigger pre‐carcinogenic switches. Likewise, Lactobacillus is responsible for triggering of ROS, DNA damage agents and other drivers responsible for initiating gastric cancer.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Role of gut bacterial metabolites in the development and progression of gastric cancer.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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