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. 2023 Aug 2;13(1):12522.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-39385-y.

Effect of nanostructure lipid carrier of methylene blue and monoterpenes as enzymes inhibitor for Culex pipiens

Ibrahim Taha Radwan  1 , Mohamed Z Sayed-Ahmed  2   3 , Nirvina AbdelRaouf Ghazawy  4 , Saad S Alqahtani  5 , Sarfaraz Ahmad  6 , Nawazish Alam  6 , Abeer Mousa Alkhaibari  7 , Md Sajid Ali  8 , Abdelfattah Selim  9 , Eman Alaaeldin AbdelFattah  4
Affiliations

Effect of nanostructure lipid carrier of methylene blue and monoterpenes as enzymes inhibitor for Culex pipiens

Ibrahim Taha Radwan et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Solid lipid nanoparticles second generation, nanostructure lipid carrier (NLC), is one of the most important biodegradable nanoparticles. Nanostructure Lipid carrier (NLC) was used to encapsulate methylene blue (MB) dye, carvacrol and citronellal and their efficacy as insecticidal against Culex pipiens (Cx. pipiens) were distinguished. The prepared nanoformulation revealed very good physicochemical properties, especially the homogeneity of the particle size. Transmission electron microscope showed spherical shaped nanoparticles within range less than 200 nm. The prepared NLC-MB-MT system showed a very competitive insecticidal activity and high virulence against the mosquito larvae with higher mortality rate of LC50 of 0.141 µl/mL, in addition to high level of Oxidative stress parameters obtained through all the tested enzymes including hydrogen peroxide (4.8 ppm), protein carbonyl amount (0.12 OD/mg protein), ascorbic acid (0.15 mg) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed strong increasing (0.09 OD/mg protein/min) at 6 µg/mL, respectively. Whereas paradoxical results of the oxidative stress enzymes were obtained from different concentration of nanoformulation that introduce a convenient reason for their potential insecticidal effect. The cytotoxic effect of NLC-MB-MT was evaluated using WI38 human lung cell lines, the LC50 was 6.4 mg/mL. The low cytotoxic reactivity towards the tested cell line makes the NLC-MB-MT nanoformulation has its promising insecticidal efficacy. Molecular docking study for each component were done against acetylcholine esterase protein and accepted binding modes achieved by the three compounds.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Internal structure by TEM of the prepared NLC-MB-MT.
Figure 2
Figure 2
cytotoxic activity and IC50 evolution of NLC-MB-MT nanoparticles on WI38 normal cell line.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Three dimensional receptor positioning of Chain A and the active site incorporated imidacloprid co-crystallized ligand of 2ZJU protein.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Three dimensional receptor positioning of self-Docking of the (imidacloprid) co-crystallized ligand interior 2ZJU protein.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Two dimensional interactions of the co-crystallized ligand (a) Imidacloprid and target compounds (b) citronellal, (c) carvacrol and (d) methylene blue interior 2ZJU protein active site.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effects of NLC-MB-MT nanoformulation on hydrogen Peroxide level in mosquito. Bars marked with the same small letters showed non-significant difference between different concentration treatments (P > 0.05).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effects of NLC-MB-MT nanoformulation on the total protein carbonyls amount of mosquito larvae. Bars marked with the same small letters showed no significant difference between different concentration treatments (P > 0.05).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Effects of NLC-MB-MT nanoformulation on the SOD activity of mosquito larvae. Bars marked with the same small letters showed no significant difference between different concentration treatments (P > 0.05).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Effects of NLC-MB-MT nanoformulation on the ascorbic acid concentration of mosquito larvae. Bars marked with the same small letters showed no significant difference between different concentration treatments (P > 0.05).
Figure 10
Figure 10
acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition of the tested compounds.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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