Tough and On-Demand Detachable Wet Tissue Adhesive Hydrogel Made from Catechol Derivatives with a Long Aliphatic Side Chain

Abstract

Wet adhesion is critical in cases of wound closure, but it is usually deterred by the hydration layer on tissues. Inspired by dopamine-mediated underwater adhesion in mussel foot proteins, wet tissue adhesives containing catechol with 2-3 carbons side chains are reported mostly. To make wet adhesion of this type of adhesives much tougher, catechol derivatives with a long aliphatic side chain (≈10 atoms length) are synthesized. Then, a series of strong wet tissue adhesive hydrogels are prepared through photoinduced copolymerization of acrylic acid with synthetic monomers. The adhesive hydrogel has a high cohesion strength, that is, tensile strength and strain, and toughness of ≈1800 kPa, ≈540%, and ≈4100 kJ m^-3 , respectively. Its interfacial toughness on wet and underwater porcine skin is respectively ≈1300 and ≈1100 J m^-2 , and its adhesion strength to wet porcine skin is ≈153 kPa. These values are much higher than those of dopamine-based adhesives in the same conditions, demonstrating that the long aliphatic side chain on catechol can greatly improve the wet tissue-adhesion. Additionally, the tough interfacial adhesion can be broken on demand with 5 wt.% aqueous urea solution. This adhesive hydrogel is highly promising in safe wound closure.

Keywords: catechol derivative; hydrogels; on-demand detachment; wet tissue adhesion.