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Review
. 2023 Sep;31(9):101698.
doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101698. Epub 2023 Jul 7.

Biomedical applications of selective metal complexes of indole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole and benzoxazole: A review (From 2015 to 2022)

Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh  1
Affiliations
Review

Biomedical applications of selective metal complexes of indole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole and benzoxazole: A review (From 2015 to 2022)

Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh. Saudi Pharm J. 2023 Sep.

Abstract

Indole, benzoxazole benzothiazole and benzimidazole are excellent classes of organic heterocyclic compounds. These compounds show significant application in pharmacy, industries, dyes, medicine, polymers and food packages. These compounds also form metal complexes with copper, zinc, cadmium, nickel, cobalt, platinum, gold, palladium chromium, silver, iron, and other metals that have shown to be significant applications. Recently, researchers have attracted enormous attention toward heterocyclic compounds such as indole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole, benzoxazole, and their complexes due to their excellent medicinal applications such as anti-ulcerogenic, anti-cancer, antihypertensive, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, antiparasitic, anti-obesity, antimalarial, antiglycation, antiviral potency, antineuropathic, analgesic antioxidant, antihistaminic, and antibacterial potentials. In this article, we summarize the medicinal applications of these compounds as well as their metal complexes. We hope this article will help researchers in designing and synthesizing novel and potent compounds with significant applications in various fields.

Keywords: Anti-cancer; Antineuropathic; Antiparasitic; Antiviral; Indole; Pharmacy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Chemical structure of Indole, benzoimidazole, benzothiaozole and benzoxazole.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Indole-based FDA approved drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s, cancer, glaucoma.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Some benzimidazole-based drugs different diseases.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Some benzothiazole-based anticancer drugs.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Some Indole-based metal complexes as antimicrobial agents.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Some Benzoimidazole-based metal complexes as antimicrobial agents.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Benzothiazole-based metal complexes as antimicrobial agents.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Benzoxazole-based metal complexes as antimicrobial agents.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Indole-based metal complexes as anticancer agents.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
Benzimidazole-based metal complexes as anticancer agents.
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
Benzothiazole-based metal complexes as anticancer agents.
Fig. 12
Fig. 12
Metal complexes of Indole (MLC78), benzimidazole (MLC80-MLC85) and benzoxazole (MLC86 and MLC87) as antioxidants agents.
Fig. 13
Fig. 13
Metal complexes of benzimidazole as antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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