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Review
. 2023 Jul 20;9(8):e18308.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18308. eCollection 2023 Aug.

A review on EMG/EEG based control scheme of upper limb rehabilitation robots for stroke patients

Saad M Sarhan  1 , Mohammed Z Al-Faiz  2 , Ayad M Takhakh  3
Affiliations
Review

A review on EMG/EEG based control scheme of upper limb rehabilitation robots for stroke patients

Saad M Sarhan et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Stroke is a common worldwide health problem and a crucial contributor to gained disability. The abilities of people, who are subjected to stroke, to live independently are significantly affected since affected upper limbs' functions are essential for our daily life. This review article focuses on emerging trends in BCI-controlled rehabilitation techniques based on EMG, EEG, or EGM + EEG signals in the last few years. Working on developing rehabilitation robotics, is considered a wealthy scientific area for researchers in the last period. There is a significant advantage that the human acquires from the interaction between the machine and his body, rehabilitation for a patient's limb is very important to get the body limb recovery, and this is what is provided mostly by applying robotic devices.

Keywords: EEG; EMG; Robotics; Stroke rehabilitation; Upper limb exoskeleton.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The international standard 10–20 system of EEG electrodes [36].
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Electrodes position for various sensing technologies [37].
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Physiological and anatomical muscle properties [38].
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Various upper limb exoskeleton types (A) wrist and elbow exoskeleton [45], (B) arm exoskeleton rehabilitation robot [45], (C) Omega exoskeleton [46], (D) elbow exoskeleton [47], (E) CLEVERarm [48], (F) soft robotic fingers [49].
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Examples of EMG/EEG electrodes: (A) NeuroLife EMG System [66], (B) Myo Armband [61], (C) datalog 4-channels [88], (D) MyoWare [89], (E) actiCAP 16-128-channels [90], (F) g.GAMMAsys [91], (G) Emotiv EPOC X 14-channels [92], (H) OpenBCI 16-channels [77].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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