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Observational Study
. 2023 Oct 1;37(12):F25-F35.
doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003680. Epub 2023 Aug 2.

Antibody neutralization capacity after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in people with HIV in Canada

Cecilia T Costiniuk  1   2   3 , Joel Singer  4   5   6 , Terry Lee  5   6 , Yannick Galipeau  7 , Pauline S McCluskie  7 , Corey Arnold  7 , Marc-André Langlois  7 , Judy Needham  5   6 , Mohammad-Ali Jenabian  8 , Ann N Burchell  9   10 , Hasina Samji  11   12 , Catharine Chambers  10   13 , Sharon Walmsley  14 , Mario Ostrowski  15 , Colin Kovacs  16 , Darrell H S Tan  13   14   17 , Marianne Harris  18 , Mark Hull  18 , Zabrina L Brumme  11   18 , Hope R Lapointe  18 , Mark A Brockman  11   18   19 , Shari Margolese  5 , Enrico Mandarino  5 , Suzanne Samarani  1 , Branka Vulesevic  5   20 , Bertrand Lebouché  1   2   21   22 , Jonathan B Angel  7   20 , Jean-Pierre Routy  1   2   23 , Curtis L Cooper  20 , Aslam H Anis  4   5   6 ; COVAXHIV Study Group
Affiliations
Observational Study

Antibody neutralization capacity after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in people with HIV in Canada

Cecilia T Costiniuk et al. AIDS. .

Abstract

Objectives: Many vaccines require higher/additional doses or adjuvants to provide adequate protection for people with HIV (PWH). Here, we compare coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine-induced antibody neutralization capacity in PWH vs. HIV-negative individuals following two vaccine doses.

Design: In Canadian prospective observational cohorts, including a multicentre study of PWH receiving at least two COVID-19 vaccinations (mRNA or ChAdOx1-S), and a parallel study of HIV-negative controls (Stop the Spread Ottawa Cohort), we measured vaccine-induced neutralization capacity 3 months post dose 2 (±1 month).

Methods: COVID-19 neutralization efficiency was measured by calculating the half maximal inhibitory dilution (ID50) using a high-throughput protein-based neutralization assay for Ancestral (Wuhan), Delta and Omicron (BA.1) spike variants. Univariable and multivariable quantile regression were used to compare COVID-19-specific antibody neutralization capacity by HIV status.

Results: Neutralization assays were performed on 256 PWH and 256 controls based on specimen availability at the timepoint of interest, having received two vaccines and known date of vaccination. There was a significant interaction between HIV status and previous COVID-19 infection status in median ID50. There were no differences in median ID50 for HIV+ vs. HIV-negative persons without past COVID-19 infection. For participants with past COVID-19 infection, median ICD50 was significantly higher in controls than in PWH for ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron variants, with a trend for the Delta variant in the same direction.

Conclusion: Vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 neutralization capacity was similar between PWH vs. HIV-negative persons without past COVID-19 infection, demonstrating favourable humoral-mediated immunogenicity. Both HIV+ and HIV-negative persons demonstrated hybrid immunity.

Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT04894448.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Difference in ID50 between cohorts to Ancestral, Delta and Omicron variants in participants without past COVID-19 infection and (a) and with past COVID-19 infection (b) in HIV+ and HIV− participants at 3 months after dose 2 (+/−1 month).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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