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. 2024 Jan;124(1):365-374.
doi: 10.1007/s00421-023-05283-4. Epub 2023 Aug 3.

Feasibility of vertical force-velocity profiles to monitor changes in muscle function following different fatigue protocols

Zhaoqian Li  1 , Peng Zhi  2 , Zhi Yuan  3 , Amador García-Ramos  4   5 , Mark King  6
Affiliations

Feasibility of vertical force-velocity profiles to monitor changes in muscle function following different fatigue protocols

Zhaoqian Li et al. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2024 Jan.

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the feasibility of vertical force-velocity (F-V) profiles to monitor changes in muscle function following different fatigue protocols. The between-day reliability of vertical F-V profiles and the acute effects of two fatigue protocols on the changes of lower limb muscle function were examined.

Methods: Twelve resistance trained males completed a preliminary session to determine their back squat one-repetition maximum (1RM). Afterwards, they randomly performed two experimental sessions that only differed in the fatigue protocol applied: heavy-load traditional (HLT; five repetitions at 80% 1RM) and light-load ballistic (LLB; five repetitions at 30% 1RM) squat protocols. Participants' vertical F-V profiles (maximum theoretical force [F0], maximum theoretical velocity [v0], and maximum power output [Pmax]) were calculated before and immediately after each fatigue protocol.

Results: F0, v0, and Pmax showed acceptable to good between-day reliability (coefficient of variation ≤ 4.4%; intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.84). Both fatigue protocols promoted a comparable reduction in Pmax (-10.1% for HLT and -12.2% for LLB). However, the LLB squat protocol reduced more v0 (-9.7%) than F0 (-0.4%), while the HLT squat protocol reduced F0 (-8.4%) more than v0 (-4.1%).

Conclusions: The vertical F-V profile can be used to monitor changes in muscle function given its acceptable between-day reliability and its high sensitivity to detect the acute effect of force-oriented and velocity-oriented fatigue protocols on specific maximal neuromuscular capacities.

Keywords: Force–velocity relationship; Muscle function; Resistance training; Squat.

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