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Meta-Analysis
. 2023 Sep 1;142(3):529-542.
doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000005293.

Delivery Strategies for Postpartum Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Ian J Saldanha  1 , Gaelen P Adam, Ghid Kanaan, Michael L Zahradnik, Dale W Steele, Kenneth K Chen, Alex F Peahl, Valery A Danilack-Fekete, Alison M Stuebe, Ethan M Balk
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Delivery Strategies for Postpartum Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Ian J Saldanha et al. Obstet Gynecol. .

Abstract

Objective: To systematically review the effects of postpartum health care-delivery strategies on health care utilization and maternal outcomes.

Data sources: We searched Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies in the United States or Canada from inception to November 16, 2022.

Methods of study selection: We used duplicate screening for studies comparing health care-delivery strategies for routine postpartum care on health care utilization and maternal outcomes. We selected health care utilization, clinical, and harm outcomes prioritized by stakeholder panels.

Tabulation, integration, and results: We found 64 eligible studies (50 randomized controlled trials, 14 nonrandomized comparative studies; N=543,480). For general postpartum care, care location (clinic, at home, by telephone) did not affect depression or anxiety symptoms (low strength of evidence), and care integration (by multiple types of health care professionals) did not affect depression symptoms or substance use (low strength of evidence). Providing contraceptive care earlier (compared with later) was associated with greater implant use at 6 months (summary effect size 1.36, 95% CI 1.13-1.64) (moderate strength of evidence). Location of breastfeeding care did not affect hospitalization, other unplanned care utilization, or mental health symptoms (all low strength of evidence). Peer support was associated with higher rates of any or exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month and any breastfeeding at 3-6 months (summary effect size 1.10-1.22) but not other breastfeeding measures (all moderate strength of evidence). Care by a lactation consultant was associated with higher breastfeeding rates at 6 months (summary effect size 1.43, 95% CI 1.07-1.91) but not exclusive breastfeeding (all moderate strength of evidence). Use and nonuse of information technology for breastfeeding care were associated with comparable rates of breastfeeding (moderate strength of evidence). Testing reminders for screening or preventive care were associated with greater adherence to oral glucose tolerance testing but not random glucose or hemoglobin A 1c testing (moderate strength of evidence).

Conclusion: Various strategies have been shown to improve some aspects of postpartum care, but future research is needed on the most effective care delivery strategies to improve postpartum health.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, CRD42022309756 .

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Conflict of interest statement

Financial Disclosure: Alison Stuebe and Alex Peahl have published research studies that were considered for inclusion in this systematic review. Dr. Peahl is a paid consultant for Maven Clinic. As a result, they did not participate in screening or determination of studies to be included in the systematic review, assessing risk of bias in studies, extracting data from studies, or grading of the strength of evidence. The other authors did not report any potential conflicts of interest.

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