Gallic acid as a Sestrin (SESN2) activator and potential obesity therapeutic agent: A molecular docking study

Abstract

Sestrins (SESNs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins among mammals. They have several body homeostatic functions such as antioxidant, metabolic, and anti-aging, and are required to regenerate hyperoxidized forms of peroxiredoxins and reactive oxygen species. Sestrin 2 has been studied as a therapeutic agent in obesity treatment. Gallic acid (GA) is a triphenolic compound with beneficial biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antioxidant effects. Recent studies demonstrated the GA's ability to reduce body weight gain and improve glycemic parameters. In this sense, the present study aims to investigate the GA activating potential of Sestrin using the molecular docking method. The 3D structure of gallic acid was retrieved from the NCBI PubChem database and the chemical structure of the Sestrin2 protein from the RCSB Protein Data Bank (5DJ4). The docking calculus was performed via UCSF Chimera and AutoDock Vinaprograms. The results showed that amino acids Arg390, Glu451, Trp444, Thr386, Arg448, Thr374, Tyr375, Asn376, Thr377, Leu389, His454, Ser450, His86, and Val455 are very important for GA stabilization, resembling the interactions that permit Leucine to activate SESN2. In this context, the obesity therapeutic property of GA can be understood from a Sestrin activating process through amino acid metabolism.

Keywords: Gallic acid; Molecular docking; Obesity; Polyphenols; Sestrin 2.