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. 2023 Aug 3;23(1):162.
doi: 10.1186/s12902-023-01418-y.

Associations between weight-adjusted waist index and bone mineral density: results of a nationwide survey

Ya Zhang #  1 , Haiyang Wu #  2 , Cheng Li #  3 , Changxiong Liu  4 , Mingjiang Liu  4 , Xiaozhu Liu  5 , Qiming Yin  6 , Xianzhe Li  7 , Ruijie Xie  8   9
Affiliations

Associations between weight-adjusted waist index and bone mineral density: results of a nationwide survey

Ya Zhang et al. BMC Endocr Disord. .

Abstract

Background: The weight-adjusted waist circumference index (WWI) is a novel obesity indicator that offers improved accuracy in assessing both muscle and fat mass compared to traditional measures. This study aimed to investigate the association between WWI and bone mineral density (BMD) in adults.

Methods: Weighted multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analysis, interaction tests and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves were used to explore the relationship between WWI and BMD based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Results: This study had 40,568 individuals in total. At all four measurement sites, we detected a negative linear correlation between WWI and BMD. Even when quartile factors for WWI were created, this unfavorable connection maintained. In comparison to those in the lowest quartile, those in the highest percentile of WWI showed declines in lumbar BMD of 0.08 g/cm2 and femoral neck BMD of 0.03 g/cm2, respectively. This adverse correlation, nevertheless, differed among several categories.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest an adverse correlation between WWI and BMD among US adults. Employing WWI as a tool for osteoporosis prevention in the general population may enhance interventions.

Keywords: Bone mineral density; NHANES; Obesity; Osteoporosis; Weight-adjusted-waist.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares that he has no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart of participants selection. NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Hexbin Plots of weight-adjusted waist index and various bone mineral densities. Each subplot represents a different bone mineral density: Lumbar BMD (top left), Pelvis BMD (top right), Femoral Neck BMD (bottom left), and Total BMD (bottom right). The color of each hexbin represents the number of data points within that area, with darker colors indicating a higher count. Note that due to missing values in the dataset, not all potential data points are shown
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The nonlinear associations between weight-adjusted waist index and bone mineral density. The solid line represents the smooth curve fit between variables. Blue bands represent the 95% of confidence interval from the fit. A WWI and lumbar BMD; B WWI and pelvis BMD; C WWI and femoral neck BMD; D WWI and total BMD. WWI, weight-adjusted waist index; BMD, bone mineral density
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