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Review
. 2023 Aug 4;228(Suppl 1):S24-S33.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad145.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies

Robert Paris  1   2
Affiliations
Review

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies

Robert Paris. J Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are heterogeneous, rare disorders that increase susceptibility to infection and/or immune dysregulation. Individuals with certain PIDs are at high risk of severe or fatal outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infections (the causative agent of COVID-19), either due to the underlying PID and/or due to the presence of comorbidities such as severe lung and liver disease. Vaccination remains the primary strategy to protect individuals with PID from COVID-19. However, populations with PID exhibit variable vaccine seroresponse rates, antibody titers, and neutralization activity depending on the type of PID and/or COVID-19 vaccine, and consequently, are at an elevated risk of severe disease. In this article, we review the COVID-19 burden in patients with PIDs and focus in-depth on findings from patients with predominantly antibody deficiencies or combined immunodeficiencies. We conclude by providing COVID-19 vaccination recommendations for this population.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; mRNA; primary immunodeficiencies; vaccination.

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Conflict of interest statement

Potential conflicts of interest. R. P. is an employee of Moderna, Inc., and may hold stock or stock options. R. P. has a patent application PCT/US2022/080141 titled “SARS-COV-2 mRNA Domain Vaccines and Methods of Use.” The author has submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.

References

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