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Case Reports
. 2023 Sep:586:115-121.
doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.07.007. Epub 2023 Jul 18.

In-vivo and human evidence for potential efficacy of therapeutic polyclonal RSV neutralizing antibodies for palivizumab-resistant RSV infections

Kacy A Ramirez  1 , James Mond  2 , Jesse Papenburg  3 , Guy Boivin  4 , Brian E Gilbert  5 , Ann R Falsey  6 , Bindiya Bagga  7 , John P DeVincenzo  8
Affiliations
Free article
Case Reports

In-vivo and human evidence for potential efficacy of therapeutic polyclonal RSV neutralizing antibodies for palivizumab-resistant RSV infections

Kacy A Ramirez et al. Virology. 2023 Sep.
Free article

Abstract

Background: Monoclonal antibody (palivizumab), intravenous immune globulin (IGIV), or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-polyclonal-hyperimmune-globulin (RSV-IG as Respigam®, RI-001, RI-002) are used with ribavirin in RSV-infected immunocompromised patients, with debated efficacy. Palivizumab-resistance (PR) can arise during treatment of persistent infections in this population. RSV-IG may confer benefit in PR-RSV infection.

Methods: RSV-IG [RI-001] was provided for an immunocompromised infant with RSV-pneumonitis refractory to ribavirin and palivizumab. RSV-neutralizing antibody, respiratory RSV load (qPCR), and F-gene-sequence-detection of PR was determined. Prophylactic RSV-IG [RI-002] or palivizumab was administered in a cotton-rat model infected with wild-type and PR-RSV. Lung RSV load and neutralizing antibody were measured.

Results: As protective RI-001-neutralizing antibody titers waned in the infant, a subpopulation of PR-escape mutants were detected with a fatal RSV-burden in the lungs. In PR-RSV-infected cotton rats, prophylactic RI-002 reduced RSV-load in the lungs (2.45 vs 0.28 log10 PFU/g lung-tissue reduction, respectively, p < 0.05) and provided protective RSV-neutralizing antibody.

Conclusions: RSV-IG and ribavirin use in immunocompromised patients requires further study.

Keywords: Drug resistance; Immune globulin; Palivizumab; RSV; Treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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