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Review
. 2023 Aug 7;17(1):3-12.
doi: 10.2478/abm-2023-0038. eCollection 2023 Feb.

The contemporary immunoassays for HIV diagnosis: a concise overview

Abdullah  1 , Misbahud Din  2 , Abdul Waris  3 , Muddasir Khan  4 , Sajjad Ali  5 , Riaz Muhammad  1   6 , Muhammad Salman  1   7
Affiliations
Review

The contemporary immunoassays for HIV diagnosis: a concise overview

Abdullah et al. Asian Biomed (Res Rev News). .

Abstract

Recent advances in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnostics have improved the management of disease progression significantly, which have also boosted the efficacy of antiviral therapies. The detection of HIV at the earliest is very important. A highly recognized and effective virological biomarker for acute HIV infections is p24 antigen. This brief overview is based on advances of HIV diagnosis while focusing on the latest HIV testing technologies including HIV-specific antigens detecting assays of both anti-HIV antibodies and p24 antigen. In addition to other emerging molecular diagnostics for acute HIV infection, the utilization of p24 antigen has been summarized. Moreover, it has been explained how these immunoassays have reduced the window period for detection of HIV in the acute stage of infection.

Keywords: HIV; antibodies; core protein p24; diagnosis; immunoassay.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Recommended laboratory HIV testing algorithm by CDC [66]. CDC, Center for Disease Control; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Recommended analytical framework by CDC for accurate HIV diagnosis. CDC, Center for Disease Control; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Structure of HIV and p24 antigen. (A) A complete virion, (B) capsid fullerene cone superstructure, and (C) monomer unit [8]. HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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