Human-centred health-care environments: a new framework for biophilic design

Abstract

Increasing research corroborates that the qualities of the setting in which a patient receives healthcare positively influence health outcomes. Therefore, it has become progressively important to review the concept of therapeutic environments, as places where patients are treated with the most advanced medicine and technology, but also support their users in psychological, emotional and social terms. This quest for the optimal healing environment brings to the forefront the need to include other parameters in our design briefs, where the application of biophilic design proves to be paramount, as exposure to nature is associated with multiple health benefits. However, current biophilic design frameworks fail to provide efficient guidance, as their design recommendations don't differentiate the level of value of each design parameter for each building programme and context. Our position is that a biophilic design framework can only be efficient if it is adapted to specific building functions and is geographically and culturally contextualized. This study assessed the application of biophilic design in therapeutic environments for cancer patients in the UK, and provided a revised conceptual framework that can more efficiently guide designers and policies in future interventions. This framework was informed by synthesised analyses from healthcare environments on the user's experiences, and primary data obtained from semi-structured interviews with architects and managers, which was then benchmarked against scientific data about the impact of biophilic design on humans. This comprehensive approach helped to identify and rank those biophilic design parameters that appear the most critical for promoting and supporting health and wellbeing in cancer healthcare settings and provided an up-to-date compilation of crucial design actions to enact the necessary change in future research and design practice.

Keywords: biophilic design; cancer; nature; non-clinical environment; therapeutic environment.

Figure 1

Data compilation map of the biophilic design framework.

Figure 2

Views of the Maggie's Centres discussed in this study (A) Forth Valley located on the shore of Larbert Loch (Courtesy of Garber & James ©Keith Hunter), (B) Manchester (Courtesy of Nigel Young/Foster + Partners), (C) Southampton (Courtesy of AL_A ©Hufton+Crow), (D) Nottingham (Courtesy of CZWG Architects ©Martine Hamilton Knight ), (E) West London (Courtesy of RSHP ©Morley von Sternberg), (F) Newcastle (Courtesy of Cullinan Studio ©Paul Raftery).

Figure 3

Visual connection with trees by lifting the building from ground level in Maggie's Nottingham (Courtesy of CZWG Architects ©Martine Hamilton Knight).

Figure 4

Winter garden in Maggie's Manchester (Courtesy of Nigel Young/Foster + Partners).

Figure 5

Timber trusses in Maggie's Manchester (Courtesy of Nigel Young/Foster + Partners), and ceramic walls and stainless-steel façade in Maggie's Southampton (Courtesy of AL_A ©Hufton+Crow).

Figure 6

(A) Maggie's Manchester with homely furniture, wood-burning fireplace, glass façades, and timber components (Courtesy of Nigel Young/Foster + Partners), (B) Maggie's Southampton offers a bright environment with big windows (Courtesy of AL_A ©Hufton+Crow).

Figure 7

Maggie's Southampton: visual connection through the ceramic wall slits (©AL_A).

Figure 8

New conceptual framework for biophilic design in a therapeutic environments.