Artificial intelligence for diagnostic and prognostic neuroimaging in dementia: A systematic review

Robin J Borchert^{1

2}, Tiago Azevedo³, AmanPreet Badhwar^{4

5}, Jose Bernal^{6

7

8}, Matthew Betts^{7

8

9}, Rose Bruffaerts^{10

11}, Michael C Burkhart¹², Ilse Dewachter¹¹, Helena M Gellersen^{8

12}, Audrey Low¹³, Ilianna Lourida¹⁴, Luiza Machado¹⁵, Christopher R Madan¹⁶, Maura Malpetti¹, Jhony Mejia¹⁷, Sofia Michopoulou¹⁸, Carlos Muñoz-Neira^{19

20}, Jack Pepys^{1

21}, Marion Peres¹, Veronica Phillips²², Siddharth Ramanan²³, Stefano Tamburin²⁴, Hanz M Tantiangco²⁵, Lokendra Thakur^{26

27

28}, Alessandro Tomassini²³, Ashwati Vipin²⁹, Eugene Tang³⁰, Danielle Newby³¹; Deep Dementia Phenotyping (DEMON) Network; Janice M Ranson¹⁴, David J Llewellyn^{14

32}, Michele Veldsman³³, Timothy Rittman¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
² Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
³ Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
⁴ Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
⁵ Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie (CRIUGM), Montreal, Canada.
⁶ Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
⁷ Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
⁸ German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.
⁹ Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
¹⁰ Computational Neurology, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
¹¹ Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
¹² Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
¹³ Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
¹⁴ University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
¹⁵ Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
¹⁶ School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
¹⁷ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
¹⁸ Imaging Physics, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
¹⁹ Research into Memory, Brain sciences and dementia Group (ReMemBr Group), Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
²⁰ Artificial Intelligence & Computational Neuroscience Group (AICN Group), Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
²¹ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.
²² University of Cambridge Medical Library, Cambridge, UK.
²³ Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
²⁴ Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
²⁵ Information School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
²⁶ Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²⁷ Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, UK.
²⁸ Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²⁹ Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
³⁰ Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
³¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
³² Alan Turing Institute, London, UK.
³³ Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

PMID: 37563912
DOI: 10.1002/alz.13412

Artificial intelligence for diagnostic and prognostic neuroimaging in dementia: A systematic review

Robin J Borchert et al. Alzheimers Dement. 2023 Dec.

. 2023 Dec;19(12):5885-5904.

doi: 10.1002/alz.13412. Epub 2023 Aug 10.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
² Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
³ Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
⁴ Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
⁵ Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie (CRIUGM), Montreal, Canada.
⁶ Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
⁷ Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
⁸ German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.
⁹ Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
¹⁰ Computational Neurology, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
¹¹ Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
¹² Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
¹³ Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
¹⁴ University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
¹⁵ Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
¹⁶ School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
¹⁷ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
¹⁸ Imaging Physics, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
¹⁹ Research into Memory, Brain sciences and dementia Group (ReMemBr Group), Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
²⁰ Artificial Intelligence & Computational Neuroscience Group (AICN Group), Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
²¹ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.
²² University of Cambridge Medical Library, Cambridge, UK.
²³ Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
²⁴ Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
²⁵ Information School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
²⁶ Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²⁷ Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, UK.
²⁸ Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²⁹ Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
³⁰ Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
³¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
³² Alan Turing Institute, London, UK.
³³ Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

PMID: 37563912
DOI: 10.1002/alz.13412

Abstract

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) and neuroimaging offer new opportunities for diagnosis and prognosis of dementia.

Methods: We systematically reviewed studies reporting AI for neuroimaging in diagnosis and/or prognosis of cognitive neurodegenerative diseases.

Results: A total of 255 studies were identified. Most studies relied on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset. Algorithmic classifiers were the most commonly used AI method (48%) and discriminative models performed best for differentiating Alzheimer's disease from controls. The accuracy of algorithms varied with the patient cohort, imaging modalities, and stratifiers used. Few studies performed validation in an independent cohort.

Discussion: The literature has several methodological limitations including lack of sufficient algorithm development descriptions and standard definitions. We make recommendations to improve model validation including addressing key clinical questions, providing sufficient description of AI methods and validating findings in independent datasets. Collaborative approaches between experts in AI and medicine will help achieve the promising potential of AI tools in practice.

Highlights: There has been a rapid expansion in the use of machine learning for diagnosis and prognosis in neurodegenerative disease Most studies (71%) relied on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset with no other individual dataset used more than five times There has been a recent rise in the use of more complex discriminative models (e.g., neural networks) that performed better than other classifiers for classification of AD vs healthy controls We make recommendations to address methodological considerations, addressing key clinical questions, and validation We also make recommendations for the field more broadly to standardize outcome measures, address gaps in the literature, and monitor sources of bias.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; artificial intelligence (AI); dementia; machine learning (ML); neurodegenerative diseases; neuroimaging.

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References

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Artificial intelligence for diagnostic and prognostic neuroimaging in dementia: A systematic review

Affiliations

Artificial intelligence for diagnostic and prognostic neuroimaging in dementia: A systematic review

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

References

REFERENCES

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical