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. 2023 Jul 31;13(15):2549.
doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13152549.

Heart Rate Variability Analysis of Healthy Individuals and Patients with Ischemia and Arrhythmia

Galya Georgieva-Tsaneva  1 , Evgeniya Gospodinova  1
Affiliations

Heart Rate Variability Analysis of Healthy Individuals and Patients with Ischemia and Arrhythmia

Galya Georgieva-Tsaneva et al. Diagnostics (Basel). .

Abstract

This article presents the results of a study of the cardiac activity of patients diagnosed with arrhythmia and ischemic heart disease. The obtained results were compared with the results obtained from a healthy control group. The studies were conducted on long-term cardiac recordings (approximately 24 h) registered by means of Holter monitoring, and the observations were made in the daily activities of the individuals. All processing, analysis and evaluations on the registered signals were performed by means of an established information demonstration cardiology system. The mathematical analysis included linear, non-linear and graphical methods for estimating and analyzing heart rate variability (HRV). Re-examinations were carried out on some of the observed individuals after six months of treatment. The results show an increase in the main time domain parameters of the HRV, such as the SDNN (from 86.36 ms to 95.47 ms), SDANN (from 74.05 ms to 82.14 ms), RMSSD (from 5.1 ms to 6.92 ms), SDNN index (from 52.4 to 58.91) and HRVTi (from 12.8 to 16.83) in patients with ischemia. In patients with arrhythmia, there were increases in the SDNN (from 88.4 ms to 96.44 ms), SDANN (from 79.12 ms to 83.23 ms), RMSSD (from 6.74 ms to 7.31 ms), SDNN index (from 53.22 to 59.46) and HRVTi (from 16.2 to 19.42). An increase in the non-linear parameter α (from 0.83 to 0.85) was found in arrhythmia; and in α (from 0.80 to 0.83), α1 (from 0.88 to 0.91) and α2 (from 0.86 to 0.89) in ischemia. The presented information system can serve as an auxiliary tool in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords: ECG signals; Holter monitoring; PPG signals; arrhythmia; cardiovascular diseases; heart rate variability; ischemic heart disease (IHD); mathematical analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
RR intervals of: (a) healthy (b) arrhythmic; and (c) ischemic patients.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Histogram of RR intervals of: (a) a healthy individual; (b) a patient with arrhythmia; and (c) a patient with ischemia.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Results in the time area of: (a) a healthy individual; (b) a patient with arrhythmia; and (c) a patient with ischemia. The values of the parameters that are not within the limits of normal for a healthy individual are colored in red.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Results in the time area of: (a) a healthy individual; (b) a patient with arrhythmia; and (c) a patient with ischemia. The values of the parameters that are not within the limits of normal for a healthy individual are colored in red.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Poincaré method of the RR intervals of: (a) a healthy individual; (b) a patient with arrhythmia; and (c) a patient with ischemia.
Figure 5
Figure 5
DFA for (a) a healthy individual; (b) a patient with arrhythmia; and (c) a patient with IHD.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Spectrogram for (a) a healthy individual; (b) a patient with arrhythmia; and (c) a patient with IHD.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Spectrogram for (a) a healthy individual; (b) a patient with arrhythmia; and (c) a patient with IHD.
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