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. 2023 Jul 26;24(15):11961.
doi: 10.3390/ijms241511961.

Physicochemical Study of the Molecular Signal Transfer of Ultra-High Diluted Antibodies to Interferon-Gamma

Igor Jerman  1 , Linda Ogrizek  1 , Vesna Periček Krapež  1 , Luka Jan  1
Affiliations

Physicochemical Study of the Molecular Signal Transfer of Ultra-High Diluted Antibodies to Interferon-Gamma

Igor Jerman et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Physicochemical investigations of (UHD) solutions subjected to certain physical factors (like shaking) are becoming more frequent and increasingly yielding convincing results. A much less studied phenomenon is the transfer of molecular information (UHD signals) from one fluid to another without an intermediate liquid phase. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of such a UHD signal transfer from UHD solutions into the receiver fluid, especially when the molecular source used in solutions was a biologically active molecule of antibodies to interferon-gamma. We used physicochemical measurements and UV spectroscopy for this purpose. The results of this large pilot study confirm the possibility of such a transfer and a rough similarity to the original UHD signal donors, the weaker signal detection relative to the original donor fluids, and that exposure time improves the effect.

Keywords: UHD signal transfer; UV/VIS spectroscopy; donor solution; molecular information; physicochemical measurements; receiver solution; ultra-high dilution.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. OOO “NPF” Materia Medica Holding did not take part in writing the article and analyzing the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Box plot of conductivity measurements presenting median and quartiles of original solutions (N = 10). Significances (p-values and d-values) in differences are presented, too.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Box plot of ORP measurements presenting median and quartiles of original solutions (N = 10). Significances (p-values and d-values) in differences are presented, too.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Box plot of pH measurements presenting median and quartiles of original solutions (N = 10). Significances (p-values and d-values) in differences are presented, too.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Box plot presenting median and quartiles of original solutions of relative absorbance at 260 nm (N = 12). Significances (p-values and d-values) in differences are also presented; (b) relative absorbance of means: original, at 190–300 nm (N = 12).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Box plot of conductivity measurements presenting median and quartiles of C1 (N = 16). Significances (p-values and d-values) in differences are also presented.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Box plot of ORP measurements presenting median and quartiles of C1 (N = 16). Significances (p-values and d-values) in differences are also presented.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Box plot of pH measurements presenting median and quartiles of C1 (N = 16). Significances (p-value or p-value with d) in differences are also presented.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) Box plot presenting median and quartiles of C1, of relative absorbance at 210 (N = 12). Significances (p-value or p-value with d) in differences are also presented; (b) relative absorbance of means: C1, at 200–220 nm (N = 12).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Box plot of conductivity measurements presenting median and quartiles, transfer via glass immediately after shaking (N = 16). Significances (p-values and d-values) in differences are also presented.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Box plot of ORP measurements presenting median and quartiles of ORP with different times of exposure (N = 16). Significances (p-values and d-values) in differences are also presented.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Box plot of conductivity measurements with data means and standard deviation: transfer via glass, overnight exposure (N = 16). Significances (p-values and d-values) in differences are also presented.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Box plot of ORP measurements with data means and standard deviation: transfer via glass, overnight exposure (N = 16). Significances (p-values and d-values) in differences are also presented.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Box plot of relative absorbance at the waveband 190–200 nm for transfer after 1 h exposure (N = 12). Significance (p-value with d) in difference is also presented.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Comparisons regarding the effectiveness (in average Cohen’s D) of the four measuring methods involving the original substances, C1 processed solutions, and the physical UHD signal transfer.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Cohen’s D relative mean values comprise all measurement methods for all three kinds of UHD signal: original, C1-processed, and physically transferred.
Figure 16
Figure 16
The summary pie chart of Cohen’s D relative mean values comprising all four methods for all three kinds of UHD signals.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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