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. 2023 Jul 29;24(15):12160.
doi: 10.3390/ijms241512160.

Genomic Regions Associated with Resistance to Three Rusts in CIMMYT Wheat Line "Mokue#1"

Naeela Qureshi  1 , Ravi Prakash Singh  1 , Blanca Minerva Gonzalez  1 , Hedilberto Velazquez-Miranda  1 , Sridhar Bhavani  1   2
Affiliations

Genomic Regions Associated with Resistance to Three Rusts in CIMMYT Wheat Line "Mokue#1"

Naeela Qureshi et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Understanding the genetic basis of rust resistance in elite CIMMYT wheat germplasm enhances breeding and deployment of durable resistance globally. "Mokue#1", released in 2023 in Pakistan as TARNAB Gandum-1, has exhibited high levels of resistance to stripe rust, leaf rust, and stem rust pathotypes present at multiple environments in Mexico and Kenya at different times. To determine the genetic basis of resistance, a F5 recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population consisting of 261 lines was developed and phenotyped for multiple years at field sites in Mexico and Kenya under the conditions of artificially created rust epidemics. DArTSeq genotyping was performed, and a linkage map was constructed using 7892 informative polymorphic markers. Composite interval mapping identified three significant and consistent loci contributed by Mokue: QLrYr.cim-1BL and QLrYr.cim-2AS on chromosome 1BL and 2AS, respectively associated with stripe rust and leaf rust resistance, and QLrSr.cim-2DS on chromosome 2DS for leaf rust and stem rust resistance. The QTL on 1BL was confirmed to be the Lr46/Yr29 locus, whereas the QTL on 2AS represented the Yr17/Lr37 region on the 2NS/2AS translocation. The QTL on 2DS was a unique locus conferring leaf rust resistance in Mexico and stem rust resistance in Kenya. In addition to these pleiotropic loci, four minor QTLs were also identified on chromosomes 2DL and 6BS associated with stripe rust, and 3AL and 6AS for stem rust, respectively, using the Kenya disease severity data. Significant decreases in disease severities were also demonstrated due to additive effects of QTLs when present in combinations.

Keywords: QTL mapping; genetic analysis; leaf rust; pleiotropic loci; stem rust; stripe rust.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Seedling infection type (IT) responses to Puccinia striiformis race MEX14.191: (a) susceptible parent showing IT 4, (b) resistant parent showing IT 2C, (c) homozygous resistant RIL (IT 23CN). (B). Seedling responses to Puccinia triticina race MBJ/SP: (a) susceptible parent showing IT 4, (b) resistant parent showing IT of 12C, (c, d) RILs showing IT 1C.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Frequency distribution of Mokue/Apav#1 RIL population against (a) stripe rust under field conditions in Toluca, Mexico; (b) leaf rust under field conditions in El Batan and Obregon, Mexico; (c) stripe rust under field conditions in Njoro, Kenya; and (d) stem rust under field conditions in Njoro, Kenya.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Distribution of markers across A, B, and D genomes.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Genetic maps of chromosomes associated with pleiotropic loci identified in the Mokue/Apav#1 RIL population: (a) QLrYr.cim-1BL on chromosome 1BL, (b) QLrYr.cim-2AS on chromosome 2AS, and (c) QLrSr.cim-2DS on chromosome 2DS.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Genetic maps of chromosomes associated with minor effect QTLs in the Mokue/Apav#1 RIL population: (a) QYrKen.cim-2DL, (b) QYrKen.cim-6BS, (c) QSr.cim-3AL, and (d) QSr.cim-6AS.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Mean disease severity (MDS) of lines carrying different combinations of QTLs. Lines containing the different QTL combinations were grouped together and the corresponding rust severities were averaged over environments: (a) leaf rust combinations, (b) stripe rust combinations from Mexico data, (c) stripe rust combinations based on Kenya data, and (d) stem rust combinations based on Kenya data.
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