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. 2023 Jul 25;16(15):5206.
doi: 10.3390/ma16155206.

Antibacterial Structure Design of Porous Ti6Al4V by 3D Printing and Anodic Oxidation

Guijun Yang  1   2 , Houjiang Liu  1 , Ang Li  1 , Tiansheng Liu  3 , Qiqin Lu  2 , Fang He  1
Affiliations

Antibacterial Structure Design of Porous Ti6Al4V by 3D Printing and Anodic Oxidation

Guijun Yang et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Titanium alloy Ti6Al4V is a commonly used bone implant material, primarily prepared as a porous material to better match the elastic modulus of human bone. However, titanium alloy is biologically inert and does not have antibacterial properties. At the same time, the porous structure with a large specific surface area also increases the risk of infection, leading to surgical failure. In this paper, we prepared three porous samples with different porosities of 60%, 75%, and 85%, respectively (for short, 3D-60, 3D-75, and 3D-85) using 3D printing technology and clarified the mechanical properties. Through tensile experiments, when the porosity was 60%, the compressive modulus was within the elastic modulus of human bone. Anodic oxidation technology carried out the surface modification of a 3D-printed porous titanium alloy with 60% porosity. Through change, the different voltages and times on the TiO2 oxide layer on the 3D-printed porous titanium alloy are different, and it reveals the growth mechanism of the TiO2 oxide layer on a 3D-printed unique titanium alloy. The surface hydrophilic and antibacterial properties of 3D-printed porous titanium alloy were significantly improved after modification by anodic oxidation.

Keywords: 3D printing; Ti6Al4V porous titanium alloy; anodic oxidation; antibacterial.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Main and top views of the design sample; (b) Macrographs of 3D-printed porous Ti6Al4V specimens for the mechanical test, and (c) anodic oxidation; (d) Chemical compositions of the fabricated samples detected by EDS.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mechanical properties of 3D-printed porous titanium alloys.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM images of (a) the original sample; (b) pre-treatment samples; and the titanium anodized at (c) 10 V, (d) 20 V, (e) 30 V, and (f) 40 V for 10 min.
Figure 4
Figure 4
SEM images of 3D-printed porous titanium alloy anodized at 30 V with different times for (a) 5 min, (b) 10 min, (c) 20 min, and (d) 30 min.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Low-power SEM images of primary (a) and secondary (b) anodizing under the same conditions.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Digital pictures of water contact angles for (a) 3D-Ti and (b) 3D-Ti-2.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The antibacterial activity of samples at different times in (a) S. aureus and (b) E. coli.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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