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Review
. 2023 Jul 27;28(15):5694.
doi: 10.3390/molecules28155694.

Hybrid Nanoplatforms Comprising Organic Nanocompartments Encapsulating Inorganic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Drug Delivery and Bioimaging Applications

Fatih Yanar  1 , Dario Carugo  2 , Xunli Zhang  3
Affiliations
Review

Hybrid Nanoplatforms Comprising Organic Nanocompartments Encapsulating Inorganic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Drug Delivery and Bioimaging Applications

Fatih Yanar et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Organic and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted significant attention due to their unique physico-chemical properties, which have paved the way for their application in numerous fields including diagnostics and therapy. Recently, hybrid nanomaterials consisting of organic nanocompartments (e.g., liposomes, micelles, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) NPs, dendrimers, or chitosan NPs) encapsulating inorganic NPs (quantum dots, or NPs made of gold, silver, silica, or magnetic materials) have been researched for usage in vivo as drug-delivery or theranostic agents. These classes of hybrid multi-particulate systems can enable or facilitate the use of inorganic NPs in biomedical applications. Notably, integration of inorganic NPs within organic nanocompartments results in improved NP stability, enhanced bioavailability, and reduced systemic toxicity. Moreover, these hybrid nanomaterials allow synergistic interactions between organic and inorganic NPs, leading to further improvements in therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, these platforms can also serve as multifunctional agents capable of advanced bioimaging and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, with great potential for clinical applications. By considering these advancements in the field of nanomedicine, this review aims to provide an overview of recent developments in the use of hybrid nanoparticulate systems that consist of organic nanocompartments encapsulating inorganic NPs for applications in drug delivery, bioimaging, and theranostics.

Keywords: bioimaging; drug delivery; encapsulation; hybrid nanoparticles; inorganic nanoparticles; organic nanoparticles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The number of research articles indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (in Science Citation Index Expanded) was determined through a search using the following keywords: (a) “nanoparticle AND drug delivery” OR “nanoparticle AND imaging”, and (b) combinations of “hybrid”, “organic”, “inorganic”, and “nanoparticle” AND “drug delivery” OR “imaging” in the title or abstract.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Organic nanoparticles that are commonly utilised in the field of nanomedicine. The nanoparticles can be modified by incorporating hydrophilic/hydrophobic drugs, PEG, targeting ligands or imaging agents for improved performance or added functionalities across different application areas. The different generations of the dendrimer are shown in different colours. PEG: polyethylene glycol; PLGA: poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid); G: generation number.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Examples of inorganic nanoparticles that are commonly employed in nanomedicine, which include: gold, silver, magnetic, and silica NPs, and quantum dots.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The design of organic–inorganic hybrid platforms can have various architectures, including those based on core–shell structures and surface modifications.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The illustration shows various approaches in nanoparticle-based drug delivery: (a) controlled delivery, (b) active targeting, and (c) passive targeting. NP: nanoparticle.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Illustration depicting the application of photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy. NIR: near-infrared; ROS: reactive oxygen species.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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