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Review
. 2023 Aug 5;28(15):5905.
doi: 10.3390/molecules28155905.

Exploring Nanocarriers as Treatment Modalities for Skin Cancer

Mohammad Adnan  1 , Md Habban Akhter  2 , Obaid Afzal  3 , Abdulmalik S A Altamimi  3 , Irfan Ahmad  4 , Manal A Alossaimi  3 , Mariusz Jaremko  5 , Abdul-Hamid Emwas  6 , Tanweer Haider  7 , Md Faheem Haider  1
Affiliations
Review

Exploring Nanocarriers as Treatment Modalities for Skin Cancer

Mohammad Adnan et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Cancer is a progressive disease of multi-factorial origin that has risen worldwide, probably due to changes in lifestyle, food intake, and environmental changes as some of the reasons. Skin cancer can be classified into melanomas from melanocytes and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) from the epidermally-derived cell. Together it constitutes about 95% of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) are creditworthy of 99% of NMSC due to the limited accessibility of conventional formulations in skin cancer cells of having multiple obstacles in treatment reply to this therapeutic regime. Despite this, it often encounters erratic bioavailability and absorption to the target. Nanoparticles developed through nanotechnology platforms could be the better topical skin cancer therapy option. To improve the topical delivery, the nano-sized delivery system is appropriate as it fuses with the cutaneous layer and fluidized membrane; thus, the deeper penetration of therapeutics could be possible to reach the target spot. This review briefly outlooks the various nanoparticle preparations, i.e., liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, transethosomes, nanoemulsions, and nanoparticles technologies tested into skin cancer and impede their progress tend to concentrate in the skin layers. Nanocarriers have proved that they can considerably boost medication bioavailability, lowering the frequency of dosage and reducing the toxicity associated with high doses of the medication.

Keywords: basal cell carcinoma; cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma; nanoformulations; skin cancer; skin permeation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Different factors are involved in the progression of skin cancer.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Different nanoparticle formulations were developed for the treatment of skin cancer.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Depicts the various types of liposomes and the mechanism of penetration in skin cancer.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic representation of the classical ethosomes and mechanism of action ethosomes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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