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. 2023 Jul 31;23(15):6817.
doi: 10.3390/s23156817.

3D Printed Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Capillaries for Chemiresistive Gas Sensors

Martin Adamek  1   2 , Jiri Mlcek  3 , Nela Skowronkova  3 , Magdalena Zvonkova  3 , Miroslav Jasso  3 , Anna Adamkova  3 , Josef Skacel  2 , Iva Buresova  4 , Romana Sebestikova  4 , Martina Cernekova  5 , Martina Buckova  3
Affiliations

3D Printed Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Capillaries for Chemiresistive Gas Sensors

Martin Adamek et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

This paper discusses the possible use of 3D fused deposition modeling (FDM) to fabricate capillaries for low-cost chemiresistive gas sensors that are often used in various applications. The disadvantage of these sensors is low selectivity, but 3D printed FDM capillaries have the potential to increase their selectivity. Capillaries with 1, 2 and 3 tiers with a length of 1.5 m, 3.1 m and 4.7 m were designed and manufactured. Food and goods available in the general trade network were used as samples (alcohol, seafood, chicken thigh meat, acetone-free nail polish remover and gas from a gas lighter) were also tested. The "Vodka" sample was used as a standard for determining the effect of capillary parameters on the output signal of the MiCS6814 sensor. The results show the shift of individual parts of the signal in time depending on the parameters of the capillary and the carrier air flow. A three-tier capillary was chosen for the comparison of gas samples with each other. The graphs show the differences between individual samples, not only in the height of the output signal but also in its time characteristic. The tested 3D printed FDM capillaries thus made it possible to characterize the output response by also using an inexpensive chemiresistive gas sensor in the time domain.

Keywords: 3D printing; FDM; PLA; capillary; chemiresistive gas sensors; foods.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 5
Figure 5
3D printed objects implemented in the study (a) measuring chamber without capillary; (b) single-tier capillary; (c) double-tier capillary; (d) triple-tier capillary.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Basic model of a 3D printed capillary.
Figure 2
Figure 2
3D printed model of a single-tier capillary with measuring chamber for gas sensor and cap.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Sample from the optimal capillary diameter test (diameter in mm).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Two-tier capillary filling.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Printed circuit board with sensor and cap (state after testing).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Experimental measuring system (a) block diagram; (b) photograph.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Comparison of output response and absolute increments for different 3D printed capillary arrangements using a “Vodka” sample: (a) output responses from the NH3 sensor; (b) absolute increment from the NH3 sensor; (c) output responses from the NO2 sensor; (d) absolute increment from the NO2 sensor; (e) output responses from the CO sensor; (f) absolute increment from the CO sensor. The “* Vodka 3pL” signal has a separate axis (right) on all plots due to the small signal level.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Comparison of output response and absolute increment between test samples using three-tier 3D printed capillaries: (a) output response from NH3 sensor; (b) absolute increment from NH3 sensor; (c) output response from NO2 sensor; (d) absolute increment from NO2 sensor; (e) output response from CO sensor; (f) absolute increment from CO sensor.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Detail of the absolute signal increment from the NO2 sensor for different odor sources.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Comparison of output response and absolute increment between test samples using 3-tier 3D printed capillaries: (a) output response from NH3 sensor; (b) absolute increment from NH3 sensor; (c) output response from NO2 sensor; (d) absolute increment from NO2 sensor; (e) output response from CO sensor; (f) absolute increment from CO sensor.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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