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. 2023 Aug 5;23(15):6959.
doi: 10.3390/s23156959.

Intelligent Measuring of the Volume Fraction Considering Temperature Changes and Independent Pressure Variations for a Two-Phase Homogeneous Fluid Using an 8-Electrode Sensor and an ANN

Ramy Mohammed Aiesh Qaisi  1 , Farhad Fouladinia  2 , Abdulilah Mohammad Mayet  3 , John William Grimaldo Guerrero  4 , Hassen Loukil  3 , M Ramkumar Raja  3 , Mohammed Abdul Muqeet  3 , Ehsan Eftekhari-Zadeh  5
Affiliations

Intelligent Measuring of the Volume Fraction Considering Temperature Changes and Independent Pressure Variations for a Two-Phase Homogeneous Fluid Using an 8-Electrode Sensor and an ANN

Ramy Mohammed Aiesh Qaisi et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Two-phase fluids are widely utilized in some industries, such as petrochemical, oil, water, and so on. Each phase, liquid and gas, needs to be measured. The measuring of the void fraction is vital in many industries because there are many two-phase fluids with a wide variety of liquids. A number of methods exist for measuring the void fraction, and the most popular is capacitance-based sensors. Aside from being easy to use, the capacitance-based sensor does not need any separation or interruption to measure the void fraction. In addition, in the contemporary era, thanks to Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), measurement methods have become much more accurate. The same can be said for capacitance-based sensors. In this paper, a new metering system utilizing an 8-electrode sensor and a Multilayer Perceptron network (MLP) is presented to predict an air and water volume fractions in a homogeneous fluid. Some characteristics, such as temperature, pressure, etc., can have an impact on the results obtained from the aforementioned sensor. Thus, considering temperature changes, the proposed network predicts the void fraction independent of pressure variations. All simulations were performed using the COMSOL Multiphysics software for temperature changes from 275 to 370 degrees Kelvin. In addition, a range of 1 to 500 Bars, was considered for the pressure. The proposed network has inputs obtained from the mentioned software, along with the temperature. The only output belongs to the predicted void fraction, which has a low MAE equal to 0.38. Thus, based on the obtained result, it can be said that the proposed network precisely measures the amount of the void fraction.

Keywords: 8-electrode sensor; air-water homogenous regime; artificial intelligence; measuring; pressure; temperature.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Main regimes in industries. (a) Homogeneous, (b) annular, and (c) stratified.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Different views of the 8-electrode sensor.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Dimensions of the 8-electrode sensor.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The appellation of different electrodes of the 8-electrode sensor.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Different states of measuring, (a) 1–2, (b) 1–3, (c) 1–4, and (d) 1–5.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Some models of the 8-electrode sensor in the 1–3 state of measurement, (a) mesh, (b) volume, (c) isosurface, and (d) multislice, along with arrow surface.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The architecture of the presented network.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Visual representation of the proposed metering system utilizing an 8-electrode sensor and an ANN.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Obtained results from the 8-electrode sensor. (a) Training data and (b) test data.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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