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Review
. 2023 May;16(5):1098-1108.
doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1098-1108. Epub 2023 May 24.

A review of dairy cattle heat stress mitigation in Indonesia

Santiananda Arta Asmarasari  1 , Nurul Azizah  1 , Sutikno Sutikno  2 , Wisri Puastuti  1 , Azhar Amir  1 , Lisa Praharani  1 , Supardi Rusdiana  1 , Cecep Hidayat  1 , Anita Hafid  1 , Diana Andrianita Kusumaningrum  1 , Ferdy Saputra  1 , Chalid Talib  1 , Agustin Herliatika  1 , Mohammad Ikhsan Shiddieqy  1 , Sari Yanti Hayanti  1
Affiliations
Review

A review of dairy cattle heat stress mitigation in Indonesia

Santiananda Arta Asmarasari et al. Vet World. 2023 May.

Abstract

Indonesia is a tropical country with a hot climate. In tropical nations such as Indonesia, heat stress is a key reason for the reduced productivity of dairy cattle. Heat stress is a combination of internal and external stimuli that affects an animal, raises its body temperature, and causes it to react physiologically. Most Indonesian dairy cattle are Friesian Holstein (FH), imported from European nations with a temperate environment with low temperatures in the range of 5°C-25°C. Indonesia has a tropical climate with a high ambient temperature that can reach 34°C during the day and the local relative humidity varies between 70% and 90%. Temperature and humidity are two microenvironment factors that may impact the production and heat release in FH cattle. More than 98% of the entire dairy cattle population in Indonesia is found on Java Island. On Java Island, there are between 534.22 and 543.55 thousand heads of cattle, while the dairy cattle population outside Java Island is just 6.59 thousand heads of cattle. The milk output climbs by an average of 3.34% per year, or approximately 909.64 thousand tons and the average annual growth in whole milk consumption was 0.19 L/capita. Indonesian cow milk output has been unable to keep pace with the country's increasing demand. This study aimed to review the strategies to mitigate heat stress in FH dairy cattle in Indonesia.

Keywords: Indonesia; dairy cattle; heat stress; tropical country.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure-1
Figure-1
The effect of heat stress on dairy cattle. Source: Atrian and Shahryar [23].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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