Global commercialization and research of veterinary vaccines against Pasteurella multocida: 2015-2022 technological surveillance

Abstract

Background and aim: Pasteurella multocida can infect a multitude of wild and domesticated animals, bacterial vaccines have become a crucial tool in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animal production. The study aimed to evaluate the current status and scientific trends related to veterinary vaccines against Pasteurella multocida during the 2015-2022 period.

Material and methods: The characteristics of globally marketed vaccines were investigated based on the official websites of 22 pharmaceutical companies. VOSviewer^® 1.6.18 was used to visualize networks of coauthorship and cooccurrence of keywords from papers published in English and available in Scopus.

Results: Current commercial vaccines are mostly inactivated (81.7%), adjuvanted in aluminum hydroxide (57.8%), and designed to immunize cattle (33.0%). Investigational vaccines prioritize the inclusion of attenuated strains, peptide fragments, recombinant proteins, DNA as antigens, aluminum compounds as adjuvants and poultry as the target species.

Conclusion: Despite advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology, there will be no changes in the commercial dominance of inactivated and aluminum hydroxide-adjuvanted vaccines in the short term (3-5 years). The future prospects for bacterial vaccines in animal production are promising, with advancements in vaccine formulation and genetic engineering, they have the potential to improve the sustainability of the industry. It is necessary to continue with the studies to improve the efficacy of the vaccines and their availability.

Keywords: Pasteurellamultocida; adjuvant; strain; technological surveillance; vaccine.

Figure-1

Distribution of commercial veterinary vaccines against Pasteurella multocida according to animal species during 2022.

Figure-2

Distribution of adjuvants used in commercial veterinary vaccines against Pasteurella multocida according to their origin during 2022.

Figure-3

Bibliographic map that shows the coauthorship and strength of the links established between countries in the field of investigation on veterinary vaccines against Pasteurella multocida during the 2015–2022 period. Each color represents a different domain; the size of each node is proportional to the frequency of occurrence of joint publications between countries/region, whereas the lines represent the interaction between countries/region and the frequency of coauthorship (the smaller the distance, the greater the frequency of coauthorship).

Figure-4

Bibliographic map showing the cooccurrence of keywords and the strength of the links established between the thematic areas dedicated to the investigation of veterinary vaccines against Pasteurella multocida during the 2015–2022 period. Each color represents a different domain; the size of each node is proportional to its frequency of occurrence, whereas the lines represent the interaction between terms and the frequency of cooccurrence in each study (the smaller the distance, the higher the frequency of cooccurrence).

Figure-5

International reports of Pasteurella multocida grouped according to capsular serogroup and animal species. “Poultry” represents the reports made for chickens, turkeys, and ducks.