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. 2023 Aug 14;46(1):200.
doi: 10.1007/s10143-023-02105-1.

Spinal cord stimulation and deep brain stimulation for disorders of consciousness: a systematic review and individual patient data analysis of 608 cases

Yang Wu #  1 , Yang-Yang Xu #  1 , Hao Deng #  1 , Wei Zhang  1 , Shu-Xin Zhang  2 , Jia-Ming Li  1 , Bo-Tao Xiong  1 , Ling-Long Xiao  1 , Deng-Hui Li  1 , Zhi-Yi Ren  2 , Yi-Fan Qin  2 , Rui-Qing Yang  1 , Wei Wang  3
Affiliations

Spinal cord stimulation and deep brain stimulation for disorders of consciousness: a systematic review and individual patient data analysis of 608 cases

Yang Wu et al. Neurosurg Rev. .

Abstract

The application of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) for disorders of consciousness (DoC) has been increasingly reported. However, there is no sufficient evidence to determine how effective and safe SCS and DBS are for DoC owing to various methodological limitations. We conducted a systematic review to elucidate the safety and efficacy of SCS and DBS for DoC by systematically reviewing related literature by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and Cochrane Library. Twenty eligible studies with 608 patients were included in this study. Ten studies with 508 patients reported the efficacy of SCS for DoC, and the estimated overall effectiveness rate was 37%. Five studies with 343 patients reported the efficacy of SCS for VS, and the estimated effectiveness rate was 30%. Three studies with 53 patients reported the efficacy of SCS for MCS, and the estimated effectiveness rate was 63%. Five studies with 92 patients reported the efficacy of DBS for DoC, and the estimated overall effectiveness rate was 40%. Four studies with 63 patients reported the efficacy of DBS for VS, and the estimated effectiveness rate was 26%. Three studies with 19 patients reported the efficacy of DBS for MCS, and the estimated effectiveness rate was 74%. The adverse event rate of DoC was 8.1% and 18.2% after SCS and DBS, respectively. These results suggest that SCS and DBS can be considered reasonable treatments for DoC with considerable efficacy and safety.

Keywords: Deep brain stimulation; Disorders of consciousness; Minimally conscious state; Spinal cord stimulation; Vegetative state.

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