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. 2023 Nov;50(11):1444-1454.
doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13861. Epub 2023 Aug 16.

Association of periodontitis with cognitive decline and its progression: Contribution of blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease to this relationship

Álvaro Carballo  1 , Iria López-Dequidt  2 , Antía Custodia  3   4 , João Botelho  5 , Marta Aramburu-Núñez  3   4 , Vanessa Machado  5 , Juan Manuel Pías-Peleteiro  3   4   6 , Alberto Ouro  3   4 , Daniel Romaus-Sanjurjo  3   4 , Laura Vázquez-Vázquez  3   4 , Isabel Jiménez-Martín  6 , Pablo Aguiar  7   8 , Manuel Rodríguez-Yáñez  2 , José Manuel Aldrey  3   4   6 , Juan Blanco  1 , José Castillo  9 , Tomás Sobrino  3   4 , Yago Leira  1   3   4
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Association of periodontitis with cognitive decline and its progression: Contribution of blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease to this relationship

Álvaro Carballo et al. J Clin Periodontol. 2023 Nov.

Abstract

Aim: To assess whether periodontitis is associated with cognitive decline and its progression as well as with certain blood-based markers of Alzheimer's disease.

Materials and methods: Data from a 2-year follow-up prospective cohort study (n = 101) was analysed. Participants with a previous history of hypertension and aged ≥60 years were included in the analysis. All of them received a full-mouth periodontal examination and cognitive function assessments (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) and Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]). Plasma levels of amyloid beta (Aβ)1-40 , Aβ1-42 , phosphorylated and total Tau (p-Tau and t-Tau) were determined at baseline, 12 and 24 months.

Results: Periodontitis was associated with poor cognitive performance (MMSE: β = -1.5 [0.6]) and progression of cognitive impairment (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.0-3.1). Subjects with periodontitis showed greater baseline levels of p-Tau (1.6 [0.7] vs. 1.2 [0.2] pg/mL, p < .001) and Aβ1-40 (242.1 [77.3] vs. 208.2 [73.8] pg/mL, p = .036) compared with those without periodontitis. Concentrations of the latter protein also increased over time only in the periodontitis group (p = .005).

Conclusions: Periodontitis is associated with cognitive decline and its progression in elderly patients with a previous history of hypertension. Overexpression of p-Tau and Aβ1-40 may play a role in this association.

Keywords: Tau protein; amyloid beta peptides; biomarkers; dementia; periodontitis.

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