Perceptions and experiences of women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: A qualitative evidence synthesis

Abstract

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is strongly associated with the future risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Women with GDM have a 10 times higher risk than women without GDM over a 10-year follow-up period. The objective of this review is to synthesise the existing evidence regarding women's views and experiences of the emotional and practical impact of GDM and its implications for diabetes prevention. Findings will be used to inform the design of interventions to prevent or delay T2DM. A systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted searching PubMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus, and PsycINFO, from 2010 to 2021. Studies were eligible if they addressed how women's experiences and perceptions of GDM influenced women's adherence to postpartum follow-up and lifestyle interventions. The Social-Ecological Model guided the data analysis including five levels of influence specific to health behaviour: intrapersonal factors, interpersonal factors, health system organisational factors, public policy and environmental factors, and community factors. We included 31 articles after screening 22 943 citations and 51 full texts. We found that women's role as mother and caregiver is competing with one's own health priority resulting in poor postpartum screening and poor management of eating and physical activity behaviours. A supportive environment including partners, family, peers and health professionals is essential for lifestyle changes. Other environmental factors such as limited financial means or lack of health education were also barriers to adopting a healthy lifestyle. Many factors hinder T2DM postpartum screening and healthy lifestyle behaviours after GDM, yet the postpartum period is an opportunity to improve access to diabetes prevention, care and education. Women's experiences and needs should be considered when designing strategies and interventions to promote healthier lifestyles in this population.

Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus; women.