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Review
. 2023 Sep 11;9(9):5222-5254.
doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00609. Epub 2023 Aug 16.

Bioactive Materials for Bone Regeneration: Biomolecules and Delivery Systems

Aleksandra Szwed-Georgiou  1 , Przemysław Płociński  1 , Barbara Kupikowska-Stobba  2 , Mateusz M Urbaniak  1   3 , Paulina Rusek-Wala  1   3 , Konrad Szustakiewicz  4 , Paweł Piszko  4 , Agnieszka Krupa  1 , Monika Biernat  2 , Małgorzata Gazińska  4 , Mirosław Kasprzak  2 , Katarzyna Nawrotek  5 , Nuno Pereira Mira  6   7   8 , Karolina Rudnicka  1
Affiliations
Review

Bioactive Materials for Bone Regeneration: Biomolecules and Delivery Systems

Aleksandra Szwed-Georgiou et al. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. .

Abstract

Novel tissue regeneration strategies are constantly being developed worldwide. Research on bone regeneration is noteworthy, as many promising new approaches have been documented with novel strategies currently under investigation. Innovative biomaterials that allow the coordinated and well-controlled repair of bone fractures and bone loss are being designed to reduce the need for autologous or allogeneic bone grafts eventually. The current engineering technologies permit the construction of synthetic, complex, biomimetic biomaterials with properties nearly as good as those of natural bone with good biocompatibility. To ensure that all these requirements meet, bioactive molecules are coupled to structural scaffolding constituents to form a final product with the desired physical, chemical, and biological properties. Bioactive molecules that have been used to promote bone regeneration include protein growth factors, peptides, amino acids, hormones, lipids, and flavonoids. Various strategies have been adapted to investigate the coupling of bioactive molecules with scaffolding materials to sustain activity and allow controlled release. The current manuscript is a thorough survey of the strategies that have been exploited for the delivery of biomolecules for bone regeneration purposes, from choosing the bioactive molecule to selecting the optimal strategy to synthesize the scaffold and assessing the advantages and disadvantages of various delivery strategies.

Keywords: bioactive materials; biomaterials; biomolecule delivery systems; biomolecules; bone healing; bone regeneration; composites; scaffolds.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Types and examples of biomolecules used to support the regeneration of bone tissue.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Strategies for the delivery of bioactive agents in bone regeneration.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Physical and chemical strategies to immobilize bioactive compounds on biomaterials: (A) physical adsorption, (B) covalent binding, and (C) entrapment in a polymer matrix.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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