Influence of Recent Standing, Moving, or Sitting on Daytime Ambulatory Blood Pressure

Abstract

Background There are no recommendations for being seated versus nonseated during ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (ABPM). The authors examined how recent standing or moving versus sitting affect average daytime BP on ABPM. Methods and Results This analysis used baseline assessments from a clinical trial in desk workers with office systolic BP (SBP) 120 to 159 mm Hg or diastolic BP (DBP) 80 to 99 mm Hg. ABPM was measured every 30 minutes with a SunTech Medical Oscar 2 monitor. Concurrent posture (standing or seated) and moving (steps) were measured via a thigh-worn accelerometer. Linear regression determined within-person BP variability explained (R²) by standing and steps before ABPM readings. Mean daytime BP and the prevalence of mean daytime BP >135/85 mm Hg from readings after sitting (seated) or after recent standing or moving (nonseated) were compared with all readings. Participants (n=266, 59% women; age, 45.2±11.6 years) provided 32.5±3.9 daytime BP readings. Time standing and steps before readings explained variability up to 17% for daytime SBP and 14% for daytime DBP. Using the 5-minute prior interval, seated SBP/DBP was lower (130.8/79.7 mm Hg, P<0.001) and nonseated SBP/DBP was higher (137.8/84.3 mm Hg, P<0.001) than mean daytime SBP/DBP from all readings (133.9/81.6 mm Hg). The prevalence of mean daytime SBP/DBP ≥135/85 mm Hg also differed: 38.7% from seated readings, 70.3% from nonseated readings, and 52.6% from all readings (P<0.05). Conclusions Daytime BP was systematically higher after standing and moving compared with being seated. Individual variation in activity patterns could influence the diagnosis of high BP using daytime BP readings on ABPM.

Keywords: accelerometer; ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; hypertension; physical activity; posture.

Figure .

Summary findings of average daytime blood pressure (BP) readings on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) overall, and then with and without considering recent posture and movement. DBP indicates diastolic blood pressure; and SBP, systolic blood pressure.