Efficacy and safety of intravenous bevacizumab on severe bleeding associated with hemorrhagic hereditary telangiectasia: A national, randomized multicenter trial

Abstract

Background: Bevacizumab-a humanized monoclonal antibody-has been widely used to treat patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), but no randomized trial has yet been conducted.

Methods: This study is a double-blind multicenter randomized phase 2 trial with a 1:1 active-treatment-to-placebo ratio. We included patients over the age of 18 with a confirmed diagnosis and the need for at least four red blood cell (RBC) units transfused in the 3 months before study enrollment. Bevacizumab was administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg every 14 days with a total of six injections. The primary efficacy criterion was a decrease of at least 50% in the cumulative number of RBC units transfused in a 3-month period before and after treatment.

Results: A total of 24 patients (12 in each group) were included and randomized at 4 different centers. In intention-to-treat analysis, 63.6% of patients (7/11) in the bevacizumab group versus 33.3% of patients (4/12) in the placebo group decreased the number of blood transfusions by at least 50% (p = 0.22). Hemoglobin levels significantly improved at 6 months in the bevacizumab versus placebo group (p = 0.02). The pharmacokinetics study revealed that patients with high exposure to bevacizumab had a significant decrease in RBC transfusions (p = 0.03). Fifty-nine adverse events were observed, 34 in the placebo arm versus 25 in the bevacizumab arm.

Conclusion: Though the present trial was underpowered, patients with HHT receiving bevacizumab required numerically fewer red blood cell transfusions than those receiving placebo, particularly those with high exposure.

Keywords: bevacizumab; hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia; rare vascular disease; red blood cell transfusion.