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Review
. 2023 Jul 17;15(7):e42021.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.42021. eCollection 2023 Jul.

Colostrum and Preterm Babies: A Systematic Review

Ethan Slouha  1 , Zoe S Anderson  1 , Nana Mansa N Ankrah  1 , Amy E Kalloo  2 , Vasavi Rakesh Gorantla  1
Affiliations
Review

Colostrum and Preterm Babies: A Systematic Review

Ethan Slouha et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Colostrum from mothers is rich in immunomodulating bio-factors such as immunoglobulins (IgA), lactoferrin, and oligosaccharides and supports gut microbial and inflammatory processes. The support in these processes may provide some relief for infants who are born pre-term. Pre-term infants are more likely to develop necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), late-onset sepsis (LOS), and ventilator-acquired/associated pneumonia (VAP). Due to the components of colostrum, there may be incentives towards early administration for preterm infants. An extensive literature review was done using ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. Only meta-analyses and experimental studies were used. The search included the keywords 'colostrum and preterm' and 'colostrum and necrotizing enterocolitis'. The initial search generated 13,543 articles and was narrowed to 25 articles through comprehensive inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were significantly higher levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in pre-term infants given colostrum and a decrease in Moraxellaceae and Staphylococcaceae. Salivary secretory IgA increased following oral colostrum administration in pre-term infants along with downregulation of interleukin (IL)-1b and IL-8. It was also observed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, and interferon-gamma (IFN-g) were significantly higher in the control group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of LOS, NEC, or VAP between pre-term infants receiving colostrum and those who did not. Secondary outcomes such as time to full enteral feeding were improved in pre-term infants receiving oral colostrum in addition to reduced hospital stays. Lastly, there was no difference in mortality between pre-term infants that received colostrum compared to those who did not.

Keywords: colostrum; enteral feeding; necrotizing enterocolitis; preterm baby; sepsis; ventilatory acquired pneumonia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. The PRISMA flowchart showing the screening process of articles based on this study's inclusion and exclusion criteria.
PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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