Paraneoplastic pemphigus/paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome: Part I. Clinical overview and pathophysiology

Abstract

Paraneoplastic pemphigus/paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome (PNP/PAMS) is a highly fatal autoimmune blistering disease. The condition occurs in patients with underlying benign or malignant neoplasms, most commonly lymphoproliferative disorders. Both humoral and cell-mediated immunities contribute to the pathogenesis, and autoantibodies against plakin family proteins are characteristic. Patients typically present with severe stomatitis and polymorphous skin lesions, which are often resistant to treatment. Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a frequent complication which contributes to the high mortality rate of PNP/PAMS. Given the rarity of this disorder and heterogeneity of clinical presentation, clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for PNP/PAMS to avoid delayed diagnosis. In this first part of a two-part continuing medical education (CME) series, risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinical features of PNP/PAMS are discussed.

Keywords: CLL; Castleman disease; bronchiolitis obliterans; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; paraneoplastic; paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome; paraneoplastic pemphigus; pemphigus; plakin.