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. 2023 Jul 31:10:1218810.
doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1218810. eCollection 2023.

Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of parvoviruses prevalent in cats in Central and Eastern China from 2018 to 2022

Shunshun Pan  1 , Ruiqi Jiao  1 , Xin Xu  1 , Jun Ji  1 , Ge Guo  1 , Lunguang Yao  1 , Yunchao Kan  1 , Qingmei Xie  2 , Yingzuo Bi  2
Affiliations

Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of parvoviruses prevalent in cats in Central and Eastern China from 2018 to 2022

Shunshun Pan et al. Front Vet Sci. .

Abstract

Cats are a potential source of genetic diversity for parvoviruses. Herein, 134 samples were collected from cats with clinical gastroenteritis and analyzed for the presence of viral DNA via polymerase chain reaction, which revealed 48 positive samples. Identity analysis of VP2 nucleotide sequences indicated that these 48 strains, belonging to feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2; including new CPV-2a and CPV-2c genotypes), shared 94.59-99.94% nucleotide identity with the reference strains. The FPV strain F8 (isolated from Vietnam) appeared to be a recombinant of strains HB2003 and JS1901, whereas the Chinese CPV-2b strain BM-(11) isolated in 2011 was believed to be a recombinant of strains AH2008 and JS1901. In phylogenetic tree analysis based on VP2 nucleotide sequences, all obtained FPV strains and most reference FPV strains were clustered together, except strain BJ-22, which originated from monkeys. Further, two new CPV-2a strains (AH2005 and AH2008) were close to the newly reported Chinese CPV-2a strains but were distant from the other CPV-2a strains, namely CPV-339 (from the United States) and K022 (from South Korea). Additionally, the FPV and CPV-2 strains had high mutation rates in the antigenic regions of the VP2 protein. According to model prediction of the CPV-VP2 protein, these mutations may cause changes in the tertiary structure of VP2. The findings of this study can be used to improve the pre-evaluation of vaccination efficacy against diseases caused by FPV and CPV-2 in domestic cats and understand their genotypic transmission and mutation trends.

Keywords: canine parvovirus type-2; feline panleukopenia virus; mutation; parvovirus; phylogeny.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Two-dimensional pairwise identity plot of VP2 sequences of 89 strains constructed using BioAider V1.314. The grids of different colors indicate different identities, which were analyzed via clustering.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Simplot analysis of the variant strains obtained from three recombination events. The recombination breakpoint is indicated by the intersection point of the two lines. (A) Strain HN2103 was a recombinant of strains HN1806 and AH2008. (B) Strain MT857271 was a recombinant of strains HB2003 and JS1901. (C) Strain AH2008 was a recombinant of the strain JS1901 and reference strain JQ743894.
Figure 3
Figure 3
A phylogenetic tree based on the VP2 gene from the strains obtained in this study and reference strains. The 48 strains obtained from domestic cats in this study are indicated with a red star. Bootstrap values calculated from 1,000 replicates are indicated by the size of the red triangle on the respective branches. Different colors represent clade taxanomy of strains and the distance scale of the branch of the phylogenetic tree.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Tertiary structural model of canine parvovirus (CPV) capsid protein (VP2) and distribution of the main mutated amino acid residues. (A) Conserved structure of VP2 and (B) structure of the mutant VP2 protein.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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