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. 2023 May 8;4(3):625-630.
doi: 10.1002/jha2.702. eCollection 2023 Aug.

A comparison of peripheral blood stem cell collection outcomes for multiple myeloma; mobilization matters in the era of IMiD induction

Thea Chandler  1 , Christopher Parrish  1 , Marina Karakantza  2 , Jonathan Carmichael  1 , David Pawson  2 , Gordon Cook  1 , Frances Seymour  1
Affiliations

A comparison of peripheral blood stem cell collection outcomes for multiple myeloma; mobilization matters in the era of IMiD induction

Thea Chandler et al. EJHaem. .

Abstract

Collection of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) for autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) requires mobilization from the bone marrow. There is variation in mobilization choice; during the COVID-19 pandemic BSBMT&CT guidelines recommended using granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) alone to minimize the use of chemotherapy. We report on the impact of mobilization regimen on stem cell collection, and whether IMiD-containing induction therapy impacts on mobilization and consequently transplant engraftment times for 83 patients undergoing ASCT at Leeds Teaching Hospitals. Cyclophosphamide plus G-CSF (cyclo-G) mobilization yielded more CD34+ cells (8.94 vs. 4.88 ×106/kg, p = < 0.0001) over fewer days (1.6 vs. 2.4 days, p = 0.007), and required fewer doses of salvage Plerixafor than G-CSF only (13.6% vs. 35%, p = 0.0407). IMiD-containing induction impaired all of these factors. CD34+ doses > 8×106/kg were more frequent with Cyclo-G (62% vs. 11%, p = 0.0001), including for those receiving IMiD 1st line induction (50% vs. 13.3%, p = 0.0381). Note that 92.6% of those receiving IMiD-free inductions were mobilized with Cyclo-G. The novel agents used in modern induction regimens (e.g Daratumumab) have been shown to impair yields, increasing the importance of optimizing mobilization regimens in the first instance. Furthermore, as cellular therapies become established in the management of multiple myeloma emerging data highlights the potential benefits of stem cell top up in the management of the haematological toxicities of these therapies. Our findings support re-adoption of Cyclo-G as the gold standard for mobilization to optimize PBSC harvesting and ensure sufficient cells for subsequent ASCTs.

Keywords: myeloma; stem cell mobilization/homing; stem cell transplantation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no competing interests to declare

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Comparison of daily CD34+ yields for the first three days of apheresis, based on mobilization regimen.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Mean CD34+ yields by induction type and mobilization regimen.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Rescue plerixafor use and failure rates by mobilization regimen.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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