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Review
. 2023 Oct;45(10):e2200240.
doi: 10.1002/bies.202200240. Epub 2023 Aug 21.

The dynamic role of cohesin in maintaining human genome architecture

Abhishek Agarwal  1 , Sevastianos Korsak  2 , Ashutosh Choudhury  1 , Dariusz Plewczynski  1   2
Affiliations
Review

The dynamic role of cohesin in maintaining human genome architecture

Abhishek Agarwal et al. Bioessays. 2023 Oct.

Abstract

Recent advances in genomic and imaging techniques have revealed the complex manner of organizing billions of base pairs of DNA necessary for maintaining their functionality and ensuring the proper expression of genetic information. The SMC proteins and cohesin complex primarily contribute to forming higher-order chromatin structures, such as chromosomal territories, compartments, topologically associating domains (TADs) and chromatin loops anchored by CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) protein or other genome organizers. Cohesin plays a fundamental role in chromatin organization, gene expression and regulation. This review aims to describe the current understanding of the dynamic nature of the cohesin-DNA complex and its dependence on cohesin for genome maintenance. We discuss the current 3C technique and numerous bioinformatics pipelines used to comprehend structural genomics and epigenetics focusing on the analysis of Cohesin-centred interactions. We also incorporate our present comprehension of Loop Extrusion (LE) and insights from stochastic modelling.

Keywords: chromatin 3D organization; cohesin; cohesin complex; cohesin dynamics; loop extrusion model.

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