Virtual reality vs. buzzy®. efficacy in pain and anxiety management during pediatric venipuncture. Systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Problem: Non-pharmacological distraction methods are novel alternatives that can help to alleviate pain and anxiety generated by venipuncture in the pediatric population. The aim is to determine the effectiveness of virtual reality, compared to cold and vibration devices (Buzzy® device), as a distraction method used during venipuncture in the management of pain and anxiety in children.

Eligibility criteria: Clinical trials, cohort and quasi-experimental studies, published between 2017 and 2022, in Spanish or English and pediatric age, found in Medline, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web Of Science, CINAHL and Embase databases.

Sample: Twenty-one studies were included and ten met the criteria for meta-analysis.

Results: Fifty-seven percent of the studies evaluate virtual reality, 33.3% the Buzzy® device and 9.5% both comparatively. The effectiveness of virtual reality in reducing pain (66.6%, n = 14) and anxiety (47.6%, n = 10) compared to standard care (control group), 95% CI = 1.53 [0.91-2.16], p < 0.001, I2 = 78% and 95% CI = 1.53 [1.16-1.90]), p < 0.001, I2 = 77% respectively is demonstrated. Similarly, the effectiveness of Buzzy® in reducing pain (42.9%, n = 9) and anxiety (23.8%, n = 5), 95% CI = 1.62 [0.90-2.34], p < 0.001, I2 = 94% and 95% CI = 1.40 [0.06-2.20, p < 0.001, I2 = 91% respectively is demonstrated. Comparatively, there is no significant difference between both methods 95% CI = 0.29 [-0.19-0.78], p = 0.24, I2 = 81%.

Conclusions: The methods studied are effective in relieving pain and anxiety during venipuncture. Further research is needed on the level of satisfaction, adverse effects and cost-benefit.

Implications: This study provides evidence of novel tools in daily practice to provide more humane, holistic and quality care.

Keywords: Anxiety; Child; Cold and vibration device; Meta-analysis; Pain; Virtual reality.