Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Aug 21;13(1):13605.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-40058-z.

Burden of diseases attributable to second-hand smoke exposure in Iran adolescents from 2009 to 2020

Hosna Janjani  1 , Ramin Nabizadeh  1 , Mansour Shamsipour  2   3 , Homa Kashani  2 , Mina Aghaei  1 , Masud Yunesian  4   5
Affiliations

Burden of diseases attributable to second-hand smoke exposure in Iran adolescents from 2009 to 2020

Hosna Janjani et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) is prevalent in many countries, but the problem's scope is poorly understood globally, especially in developing countries. We aimed to estimate SHS exposure and its national and subnational burden of diseases in Iran, the second-largest country in the Middle East, during 2009-2020. The burden of diseases from SHS was estimated as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for adolescents (10-18) year's non-smokers. Using comparative risk assessment methodologies, the calculations were based on disease-specific relative risk estimates with national and subnational SHS exposure data, and the uncertainty and sensitivity analysis was performed. The results of study showed that the trend of exposure to SHS is increasing in Iran. The highest DALY was related to lower respiratory infection (LRI), asthma, and otitis media, respectively. The national average asthma burden (DALY/100,000) has increased from 17.4 (11.8_23.9) in 2009 to 21.3 (13.9_30) in 2020, LRI decreased from 25.8 (21.5_30.2) to 19.8 (16.7_23.1), and national average burden of otitis media (DALY/100,000) has increased from 3.1(1.9_4.6) to 3.9(2.4_5.6). The increasing trend of otitis media and asthma DALYs attributable to SHS exposure in Iran requires more attention from policymakers to protect the population.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
DALYs due to asthma, LRI and otitismedia in Iran adolescents 2009–2020.
Figure 2
Figure 2
DALYs due to asthma, LRI and otitis media in relation to exposure to SHS in Iran adolescents 2009–2020.
Figure 3
Figure 3
DALYs due to asthma in relation to exposure to SHS in Iran adolescents at the provincial level in 2009–2020.
Figure 4
Figure 4
DALYs due to LRI in relation to exposure to SHS in Iran adolescents at the provincial level in 2009–2020.
Figure 5
Figure 5
DALYs due to otitis media in relation to exposure to SHS in Iran adolescents at the provincial level in 2009–2020.
Figure 6
Figure 6
DALYs due to asthma, LRI, and otitis media in relation to exposure to SHS in Iran adolescents at the provincial level compared to the national average DALYs.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a-c) Sensitivity analysis results for DALYs estimation of selected outcomes attributed to SHS exposure.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Amoatey P, Omidvarborna H, Baawain MS, Al-Mamun A. Indoor air pollution and exposure assessment of the gulf cooperation council countries: A critical review. Environ. Int. 2018;121:491–506. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Fu M, Fernández E, Martínez-Sánchez JM, San Emeterio N, Quirós N, Sureda X, et al. Second-hand smoke exposure in indoor and outdoor areas of cafés and restaurants: Need for extending smoking regulation outdoors? Environ. Res. 2016;148:421–428. - PubMed
    1. Pelkonen MK, Laatikainen TK, Jousilahti P. The relation of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) to chronic bronchitis and mortality over 2 decades. Respir. Med. 2019;154:34–39. - PubMed
    1. Pratali L, Marinoni A, Cogo A, Ujka K, Gilardoni S, Bernardi E, et al. Indoor air pollution exposure effects on lung and cardiovascular health in the High Himalayas, Nepal: An observational study. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 2019;61:81–87. - PubMed
    1. WHO. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco. 2021.

Publication types

Substances