A Case of Herpes Simplex Virus Meningitis in an Immunocompromised Individual: Avoiding Common Diagnostic Pitfalls

Abstract

Herpes simplex virus meningoencephalitis (HSV ME) is a severe viral infection that affects the brain and surrounding tissues. It is caused primarily by HSV type 1 (HSV-1) virus. This condition requires prompt recognition and treatment due to its potential for significant morbidity and mortality. We aim to highlight the importance of avoiding common diagnostic pitfalls in identifying HSV meningoencephalitis, especially in immunocompromised individuals. We present a case of a 34-year-old immunocompromised patient with HSV meningoencephalitis, emphasizing key clinical features and diagnostic strategies that helped us reach an accurate diagnosis. By sharing this case, we aim to enhance awareness and improve the management of HSV meningoencephalitis in similar patient populations, leading to better outcomes.

Keywords: alcohol abuse; amphetamine abuse; cerebrospinal fluid (csf); chronic alcohol abuse; csf pleocytosis; hsv-1; immunocompromised status; lumbar puncture (lp); polymerase chain reaction (pcr); viral meningoencephalitis.

Figure 1. Computed tomography scan of the head without contrast: no acute abnormalities were noted