Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Aug 2;30(3):314-326.
doi: 10.3390/pathophysiology30030025.

Hemodynamic, Oxygenation and Lymphocyte Parameters Predict COVID-19 Mortality

Choirina Windradi  1 , Tri Pudy Asmarawati  1   2 , Alfian Nur Rosyid  1   2   3 , Erika Marfiani  1   2 , Bagus Aulia Mahdi  1 , Okla Sekar Martani  1 , Giarena Giarena  1 , Esthiningrum Dewi Agustin  1 , Milanitalia Gadys Rosandy  4
Affiliations

Hemodynamic, Oxygenation and Lymphocyte Parameters Predict COVID-19 Mortality

Choirina Windradi et al. Pathophysiology. .

Abstract

The mortality of COVID-19 patients has left the world devastated. Many scoring systems have been developed to predict the mortality of COVID-19 patients, but several scoring components cannot be carried out in limited health facilities. Herein, the authors attempted to create a new and easy scoring system involving mean arterial pressure (MAP), PF Ratio, or SF ratio-respiration rate (SF Ratio-R), and lymphocyte absolute, which were abbreviated as MPL or MSLR functioning, as a predictive scoring system for mortality within 30 days for COVID-19 patients. Of 132 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized between March and November 2021, we followed up on 96 patients. We present bivariate and multivariate analyses as well as the area under the curve (AUC) and Kaplan-Meier charts. From 96 patients, we obtained an MPL score of 3 points: MAP < 75 mmHg, PF Ratio < 200, and lymphocyte absolute < 1500/µL, whereas the MSLR score was 6 points: MAP < 75 mmHg, SF Ratio < 200, lymphocyte absolute < 1500/µL, and respiration rate 24/min. The MPL cut-off point is 2, while the MSLR is 4. MPL and MSLR have the same sensitivity (79.1%) and specificity (75.5%). The AUC value of MPL vs. MSLR was 0.802 vs. 0.807. The MPL ≥ 2 and MSLR ≥ 4 revealed similar predictions for survival within 30 days (p < 0.05). Conclusion: MPL and MSLR scores are potential predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients within 30 days in a resource-limited country.

Keywords: COVID-19; infectious disease; mortality; prediction; scoring.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Selection of patients.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) AUC MPL score to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients; (B) AUC MSLR score to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients; (C) cutoff for MPL score; (D) cutoff for MSLR score. AUC, the area under the curve; MPL, MAP, PF Ratio, and Lymphocyte absolute; MSLR, MAP, SF Ratio, Lymphocyte absolute, and Respiration rate. The blue line refers to the sensitivity, while the green line refers to the area under the curve.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) AUC MPL score to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients; (B) AUC MSLR score to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients; (C) cutoff for MPL score; (D) cutoff for MSLR score. AUC, the area under the curve; MPL, MAP, PF Ratio, and Lymphocyte absolute; MSLR, MAP, SF Ratio, Lymphocyte absolute, and Respiration rate. The blue line refers to the sensitivity, while the green line refers to the area under the curve.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) AUC MPL score to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients; (B) AUC MSLR score to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients; (C) cutoff for MPL score; (D) cutoff for MSLR score. AUC, the area under the curve; MPL, MAP, PF Ratio, and Lymphocyte absolute; MSLR, MAP, SF Ratio, Lymphocyte absolute, and Respiration rate. The blue line refers to the sensitivity, while the green line refers to the area under the curve.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) Survival 30-day mortality rate from MPL score; (B) survival 30-day mortality rate from MSLR score.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) Survival 30-day mortality rate from MPL score; (B) survival 30-day mortality rate from MSLR score.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. WHO World Health Organization Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Situation. [(accessed on 18 March 2023)]. Available online: https://www.who.int/indonesia/news/novel-coronavirus.
    1. Zhou F., Yu T., Du R., Fan G., Liu Y., Liu Z., Xiang J., Wang Y., Song B., Gu X., et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395:1054–1062. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hall M., Pritchard M., Dankwa E.A., Baillie J.K., Carson G., Citarella B.W., Docherty A., Donnelly C.A., Dunning J., Fraser C., et al. International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium. medRxiv; Oxford, UK: 2020.
    1. Bradley P., Frost F., Tharmaratnam K., Wootton D.G. Utility of established prognostic scores in COVID-19 hospital admissions: Multicentre prospective evaluation of CURB-65, NEWS2 and qSOFA. BMJ Open Respir. Res. 2020;7:e000729. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000729. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Berenguer J., Borobia A.M., Ryan P., Rodríguez-Baño J., Bellón J.M., Jarrín I., Carratalà J., Pachón J., Carcas A.J., Yllescas M., et al. Development and validation of a prediction model for 30-day mortality in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: The COVID-19 SEIMC score. Thorax. 2021;76:920–929. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216001. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources