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. 2023 Aug 17;12(3):55.
doi: 10.3390/biotech12030055.

Chitosan Sponges for Efficient Accumulation and Controlled Release of C-Phycocyanin

Yana E Sergeeva  1   2 , Anastasia A Zakharevich  3 , Daniil V Sukhinov  1 , Alexandra I Koshkalda  4 , Mariya V Kryukova  1 , Sergey N Malakhov  5 , Christina G Antipova  3 , Olga I Klein  3   6 , Pavel M Gotovtsev  1   2 , Timofei E Grigoriev  2   3
Affiliations

Chitosan Sponges for Efficient Accumulation and Controlled Release of C-Phycocyanin

Yana E Sergeeva et al. BioTech (Basel). .

Abstract

The paper proposed a new porous material for wound healing based on chitosan and C-phycocyanin (C-PC). In this work, C-PC was extracted from the cyanobacteria Arthrospira platensis biomass and purified through ammonium sulfate precipitation. The obtained C-PC with a purity index (PI) of 3.36 ± 0.24 was loaded into a chitosan sponge from aqueous solutions of various concentrations (250, 500, and 1000 mg/L). According to the FTIR study, chitosan did not form new bonds with C-PC, but acted as a carrier. The encapsulation efficiency value exceeded 90%, and the maximum loading capacity was 172.67 ± 0.47 mg/g. The release of C-PC from the polymer matrix into the saline medium was estimated, and it was found 50% of C-PC was released in the first hour and the maximum concentration was reached in 5-7 h after the sponge immersion. The PI of the released C-PC was 3.79 and 4.43 depending on the concentration of the initial solution.

Keywords: Arthrospira platensis; C-phycocyanin; antioxidant activity; chitosan; sponges.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structure of chitosan.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Microscopy of the cyanobacterium A. platensis: (a) optical; (b) fluorescent; (c) C-PC spectra: absorption (1) and fluorescence (2).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Control of changes in the PI of C-PC: (a) absorption spectra; (b) SDS-PAGE: 1—crude, ammonium sulfate precipitation: 2–20%; 3–40%; 4–60%; 5—after dialysis; 6—powder; MM—molecular markers.
Figure 4
Figure 4
HPLC of pure C-PC and absorption spectra of the corresponding peaks.
Figure 5
Figure 5
FTIR spectra of C-PC, chitosan sponge, and sponge with C-PC.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Titration curve of 1% chitosan solution in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Chitosan sponges: (a) appearance; (b,c) thin layer microscopy; (d) SEM-image.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Introduction of C-PC into the sponge.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Appearance of the chitosan sponges (a,f,k) and thin section optical (b,d,g,i,l,n) and fluorescent (c,e,h,j,m,o) microscopy with magnification ×40 (b,c,g,h,l,m) and ×100 (d,e,h,i,n,o): CPC-250 (a–e), CPC-500 (f,g), CPC-1000 (k–o).
Figure 10
Figure 10
In vitro release profiles of C-PC from the chitosan sponges.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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