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. 2023 Aug 22;13(1):13713.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-40026-7.

Prognostic value of post-treatment serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor in newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients who achieved complete metabolic response following R-CHOP therapy

Yuko Shirouchi  1 , Noriko Nishimura  1 , Yuko Mishima  1 , Yuko Ishihara  1 , Hiroaki Asai  1 , Mikako Tamba  1 , Mitsuhito Hirano  1 , Kei Hirano  1 , Yukako Teramoto  1 , Kikuaki Yoshida  1 , Kengo Takeuchi  2   3   4 , Takashi Terauchi  5 , Dai Maruyama  6
Affiliations

Prognostic value of post-treatment serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor in newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients who achieved complete metabolic response following R-CHOP therapy

Yuko Shirouchi et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Patients with DLBCL achieving complete metabolic response (CMR) after initial treatment with R-CHOP generally have a favourable prognosis; however, there are no established prognostic biomarkers for relapse in these patients. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels at diagnosis are prognostic factors in patients with DLBCL. However, the significance of post-treatment sIL-2R levels is unclear. To determine the significance of post-treatment serum sIL-2R levels on subsequent relapse and survival, we retrospectively analysed 485 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL who received R-CHOP treatment and achieved CMR. The cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was significantly higher in patients with elevated post-treatment sIL-2R levels than in those with normal sIL-2R levels (five-year CIR; 38.8% vs. 12.8%). The prognostic value remained significant in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio, 2.30; p < 0.001). Five-year progression-free survival (49.0% vs. 83.5%) and overall survival (61.7% vs. 91.6%) rates were lower in patients with elevated post-treatment sIL-2R levels than in those with normal sIL-2R levels (p < 0.001 for both). In patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL who achieved CMR after R-CHOP treatment, the post-treatment serum sIL-2R level was an independent prognostic marker of subsequent relapse and survival.

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Conflict of interest statement

Y.S. reports honoraria from Chugai, Ezai, and SymBio. N.N. reports consulting fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Y.M. reports grants from Takeda Pharma, Bristol Myers Squibb, Kyowa Kirin, Taiho, and Eisai, consulting fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical, Roche, and honoraria from Janssen, AstraZeneca, and Takeda. K.T. reports grants from Fujirebio and Daiichi Sankyo, royalties from Sysmex and Nichirei, consulting fees from Nichirei, Nippon Shinyaku, and Meiji, and honoraria from Chugai, Kyowa Kirin, Takeda, Janssen, MSD, Eizai, Celgene, Yakult, and Taiho. D.M. reports grants from Amgen Astellas Biopharma, Kyowa Kirin, Chugai, Takeda, Sanofi, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, Taiho, Celgene, Novartis, Ono, Janssen, Otsuka, Astellas, AbbVie, MSD, and honoraria from Ono, Nippon Shinyaku, Mundipharma, Chugai, MSD, Sanofi, Takeda, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Janssen, Eisai, Kyowa Kirin, Zenyaku, SymBio, AbbVie, AstraZeneca. The other authors have no competing interests to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cumulative incidence of relapse. Significantly higher CIR was observed in the elevated sIL-2R group (five-year CIR, 38.8%; 95% CI, 29.0–48.5%) compared with the normal sIL-2R group (five-year CIR, 12.8%; 95% CI, 9.6–16.5; p < 0.001). CIR—cumulative incidence of relapse; sIL-2R—soluble interleukin-2 receptor; ULN—upper limit of normal.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Progression-free survival and overall survival. Five-year PFS rate was significantly lower in the elevated sIL-2R group (49.0%; 95% CI, 38.4–58.6%) compared with the normal sIL-2R group (83.5%; 95% CI, 79.2–87.0%; p < 0.001). (b) Significantly inferior OS was observed in the elevated sIL-2R group with a five-year OS of 61.7% (95% CI, 50.9–70.8%) than in the normal sIL-2R group (five-year OS, 91.6%; 95% CI, 88.2–94.0%; p < 0.001). OS—overall survival; PFS—progression-free survival; sIL-2R—soluble interleukin-2 receptor; ULN—upper limit of normal.
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